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Case Study 2

Defense of "Case for the Real Jesus" Chapter 4
James Patrick Holding


Challenge 4: "Christianity's Beliefs About Jesus Were Copied from Pagan Religions" Interview with Edwin M. Yamauchi, Ph.D.

Jacobsen does not go as far as the lieks of Acharya S on this subject, so for the most part, he doesn't have any issues with this chapter. He does however claim that "Strobel and Yamauchi did not adequately address whether Christianity may have been influenced to a lesser degree by other belief systems."

  • Jacobsen does not give Brown's point about the origin of the idea of virginal conception sufficient credit. The statement was made at the end of a detailed histotical study performed by Brown and was not made in isolation. Strobel is also not using Brown to argue that "originality implies authenticity of Christianity." He is only using Brown to argue against those who claim copying as an argument against authenticity.
  • I might add that Jacobsen seems to be unaware that elements such as the points against Alexander are directed to the likes of Acharya. Perhaps because of his own lack of familiarity with such literature, he does not know who is being addressed.
  • Jacobsen does commit the usual error of those who claim to find parallels by collapsing down terms, as here:
    More importantly, Yamauchi admits that a parallel legend, specifically a legend of a deity impregnating a woman & fathering a child who is eventually worshipped, predates Christianity by hundreds of years! (336 BC was the date given by Yamauchi.) Further, note that there is a parallel of a dream: In the account of Alexander, the mother is foretold of the event in a dream, and in Matthew, Joseph is told in a dream that Mary was impregnated by the Holy Spirit. Looks like a parallel to me!

    Does it? That's only because Jacobsen collapses down terms ("impregnating," "worshipped," "a dream") while ignoring the vast differences in the stories. I have shown the folly of such argumentation here and here.

  • I would suggest that Jacobsen's admitted speculation about "the apparent miracle of impregnation" is a case of him imposing modern sentimentalities on an ancient text. There is no indication anywhere in the Bible of normal impregnation as "miracuolous" in any sense. Jacobsen will need to quote some ancient lit, not just speculate.
  • I can discern no purpose to this statement:
    It is true that Jesus' virgin birth was not based on lust. However, it is worth noting that the OT has incidents of spiritual beings, if not God Himself, lusting after and impregnating humans. As an example, take the Nephilim in Genesis. Although the scripture in Genesis is lacking details and open to several interpretations, one of the more common interpretations is that the Nephilim were the offspring of human women and spiritual creatures created by God (perhaps like angels) that lusted after the women. It is a similar idea, even if not identical.

    And this relates to Jesus how?

  • If Jacobsen wishes to know why "OT anthropomorphisms were not to be taken literally" I would suggest he read Ch. 1 of my book, The Mormon Defenders. Things like anger, by the way, are hardly able to be seen as merely human qualities.
  • It is hard to see why Jacobsen finds any "shaping" of Christian customs in the mere coincidence of dates, but I do think he is right, for the wrong reasons: See here.
  • A pointless statement:
    One of the claims made by the authors is that some of the alleged pagan parallels to Christianity occurred after the origin of Christianity, which would disprove them. Yamauchi claims that most of the evidence of parallels to pagan religions dates to the second century or later. I'd like to remind him that ALL of the evidence of Christianity dates to the second century and later! The first scrap of a manuscript we have dates to the second century. Of course I understand that the originals of the NT documents were written in the first century, but if the original Christian documents were written before the earliest copies we have, then it is reasonable to conclude that the original pagan works were also written before the earliest copies of them we have!

    Jacobsen claims there is some "double standard" at work because one interviewee touts the "early" copies of the NT in the second century, and then another interviewee dismisses possible pagan influence because the copies of the pagan documents we have are too "late" because they are from the second century! He is forgetting that the former matter is one that is comparative (the NT versus other documents) whereas the latter is not.

  • Jacobsen needs serious education if he thinks the doctrine of the trinity wasn't established until the Counsel of Nicaea in the year 325. He can bone up here.
  • In a counsel of despair, Jacobsen cites Robert Price, though he adds an S to the end of his name. See our responses on Osiris, Baal, Tammuz, and Attis here. He especially needs to check Miller's material on the criteria necessary to establish borrowing and the "dying and rising gods" paradigm, which has been set back by the likes of JZ Smith. His story of Osiris is a classic case of collapsing of terms to force a parallel, just as I did with Lincoln and Kennedy.
  • Typically, Jacobsen abuses Justin's material, and it is he who shoots himself because of lack of comprehension; see here.
  • Jacobsen's material on Satan is of no relevance, and much of what he cites is in error; see here. No progressive revelation necessary. I also happen to think that Isaiah does not refer to Satan.
    Go Home!
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