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The New Testament
Querying the QM Thesis
Matthew 22:23-46/Mark 12:18-37/Luke 20:27-44
J. P. Holding
Sectional Analysis
| Matthew |
In that day coming-near to-him Sadducees who are-saying not to-be a resurrection. And they-questioned him saying Teacher Moses said If any die not having children shall-take-to-wife the brother of-him the wife of-him and shall-raise-up (456) seed to brother of-him. were And with us seven brothers And the first having-married expired (5053) and not having seed left the wife of-him to brother of-him likewise also the second and the third until the seven last And of-all died also the woman. |
| Mark |
And come Sadducees to-him who say a resurrection not-to-be. and questioned him saying Teacher Moses wrote to-us that anyone a brother should-die and leave behind a wife and children not leave that should take the brother of him the wife and should-raise-up (1817)seed to the brother of-him. seven then brothers were and the first took a wife and dying (599) not did leave seed. and the second took-her and died and neither he left behind seed. And the third likewise. And took her the seven and not did leave seed. Last of all also the wife. |
| Luke |
having-come-up And some of the Sadducees those speaking against a resurrection not-to-be they questioned him saying Teacher Moses wrote to us that if of anyone a brother dies having a wife and this one childless should die that should the brother of-him the wife and raise-upseed to the brother of-him. seven then brothers there were and the first having taken a wife died childless. And took the second the wife and this one died childless. And the third took her likewise. And also the seven even did not leave children and died. Last of all died also the woman. |
Here as often, Luke's similarity to Mark indicates note-taking but not direct copying from Mark; the difference in Greek words (raise up, expired) between Matt and Mark indicate a common Aramaic source.
| Matthew |
in the then resurrection of which-of seven will be-wife? all For had her. answering And the Jesus said to-them you-err not knowing the scriptures nor the power of-God. in For the resurrection neither marry nor are-given in marriage but as angels of God in heaven they are. concerning Bot the resurrection of dead not have you read that spoken to-you by God saying (Ex. 3:6). not is the God of-deal but of-living. And having heard the crowd were-amazed at doctrine of-him. |
| Mark |
in the then resurrection when they rise again of which of-them will she be wife? the For seven had her wife. And answering Jesus said to-them Not because of this do-you-err not knowing the scriptures nor the power of God? when For from the dead they-rise-again they neither marry nor are given in marriage but are as angels in heaven. about But the dead that they are raised, not did you read in the roll of Moses at the bush as spoke to-him God saying (Ex. 3:6). not He is the God of dead but God of living. you therefore much err. |
| Luke |
in the Then resurrection of which of-them she became wife? the For seven had her wife. And answering said to-them Jesus the sons of the age of this marry and are given in marriage the ones but counted worthy the age that to attain and the resurrection out of dead they neither marry nor are given in marriage not even for to die more are they able angels like for they are and sons are of-God the resurrection sons being. that But are raised the dead even Moses pointed out at the bush as he calls Lord (Ex. 3:6) God But not he-is dead-ones but-of living-ones all for to-him live. And some of scribes said Teacher Well you-speak no-more And they-dared to-question him, nothing! |
Luke has made this teaching more intelligible to a Roman reader who would not understand the Jewish doctrine of resurrection.
| Matthew |
the But Pharisees hearing that he-silenced the Sadducees were-assembled over to themselves. And questioned one of them lawyer tempting him and saying Teacher which command great in the law? the And Jesus said to-him You-shall-love Lord the God of-you with all the heart of-you and with all the soul of-you and with all the mind of-you. This is first and great commandment. second And like to-it You-shall-love the neighbor of-you as yourself. In these the two commandments all the Law and the Prophets hang. |
| Mark |
And coming-up one of scribes hearing them debating knowing that well to-them he-answered asked him What is first of-all commandment? And Jesus answered him for First of-all the commandments, Hear, Israel, Lord the God of-us Lord one is and You-shall-love Lord the God of-you with all the heart of-you and with all the soul of-you and with all the mind of-you and with all the strength of-you. This is first commandment. And second like this You-shall-love the neighbor of-you as yourself. Greater these other command not is. And said to him the scribe, Well, Teacher, by truth you-say that one is God and not there-is another besides him and to love him out-of all the heart and out-of all the understanding and out-of all the soul and out-of all the strength and to-love the neighbor as oneself more is than-all the burnt-offerings and the sacrifices And the Jesus seeing him that intelligently he-answered said to-him Not far are you from the kingdom of-God And no-one no-more dared him to-question. |
| Luke |
(no parallel) |
There is a loose parallel in Luke 10:24-27, but it is certainly not intended to relate the same incident (though Luke's version may have been influenced by Mark). Stein finds Marcan priority evidenced in the unusual combination of "heart" and "mind" in all three versions, but based on data Miller offers here Matthew's version is a midrashic combination of the Shema and Josh. 22:5: The wording of the citation itself agrees nearly verbatim with the LXX of Deut 6:5, except for Matthew's use of en and the dative for ek and the genitive (no doubt reflecting the Hebrew preposition B, "with," of the Hebrew text of Deut 6:5) and the alteration of the third noun from dunavmew, "strength," to dianoiva, "mind" (the latter, however, occurs in a cognate passage in the LXX of Josh 22:5). I do not agree with Miller's source that the "mind" part came from copying Mark. These are rather more likely to be independent choices made to make the text intelligible in Greek.
Hawkins [Hawk.HS, 120] offers a nutty and paranoid idea in favor of Markan priority, supposing that the scribe's comment/compliment "may have seemed to a later editor 'somewhat patronizing'" and therefore ommitted by Matthew. What we see here more likely is desperate Marcan prioritists imagining any reason they can to argue their case. If this is "patronizing" then why does Jesus give the scribe a compliment of public honor in return?
| Matthew |
having-been-assembled But the Pharisees questioned them the Jesus saying, What to-you seems about the Christ? Of-whom son is-he? They-say to-him of David. He-says to-them How then David in Spirit Lord Him calls, saying, (Ps. 110:1). If then David calls him Lord how son of-him is-he? And no-one was-able him to-answer word, nor dared any one from that the day to-question him no-more. |
| Mark |
And answering the Jesus said teaching in the temple How say the scribes that the Christ son is of-David? himself for David said in the Spirit of Holy (Ps. 110:1). himself Then David says him Lord and from-where son of-him is-he? And the large crowd heard him gladly. |
| Luke |
he-said And to-them How do-they-say the Christ son David to-be? Even himself David says in scroll Psalms (Ps. 110:1). Then him Lord calls and how son of-him is-he? |
Matthew's version is again more didactic (turning the issue into questions) and would therefore be more favored as coming from Jesus as a teacher. Mark's "Holy Spirit" is also less likely to be original than Matthew's "Spirit" which reflects Jewish usage.
Ur-Matthew Reconstruction
In that day coming-near to-him Sadducees who are-saying not to-be a resurrection. And they-questioned him saying Teacher Moses said If any die not having children shall-take-to-wife the brother of-him the wife of-him and shall-raise-up seed to brother of-him. were And with us seven brothers And the first having-married expired and not having seed left the wife of-him to brother of-him likewise also the second and the third until the seven last And of-all died also the woman. in the then resurrection of which-of seven will be-wife? all For had her. answering And the Jesus said to-them you-err not knowing the scriptures nor the power of-God. in For the resurrection neither marry nor are-given in marriage but as angels of God in heaven they are. concerning But the resurrection of dead not have you read that spoken to-you by God saying (Ex. 3:6). not is the God of-deal but of-living.
the But Pharisees hearing that he-silenced the Sadducees were-assembled over to themselves. And questioned one of them lawyer tempting him and saying Teacher which command great in the law? the And Jesus said to-him You-shall-love Lord the God of-you with all the heart of-you and with all the soul of-you and with all the mind of-you. This is first and great commandment. second And like to-it You-shall-love the neighbor of-you as yourself.
What to-you seems about the Christ? Of-whom son is-he? They-say to-him of David. He-says to-them How then David in Spirit Lord Him calls, saying, (Ps. 110:1). If then David calls him Lord how son of-him is-he?
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