Scientists of the Christian Faith -- Alphabetical Index (S)

David A. Sabatini *** Not in Gale
Civil engineer.  Charles L. Blackburn Presidential Professor (2000), School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma.  Sun Oil Company Chair (2001) in Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, Associate Director of the Institute for Applied Surfactant Research, and Director of the Environmental and Ground Water Institute at the University of Oklahoma.  Co-Founder and Co-Principal, Surbec Environmental, LLC, Norman, OK (December 1996 - present).

From http://www.clu-in.org/studio/napl_121002/bio.cfm?id=13:
Dr. Sabatini received his B.S. at the University of Illinois-Urbana (1981), his M.S. at Memphis University (1985), and his Ph.D. at Iowa State University (1989). He has been at the University of Oklahoma since 1989 (starting as Associate Professor). Dr. Sabatini's research has developed microemulsion systems and separation processes for application in the consumer product and environmental fields, and has evaluated chemical transport phenomena in the environment. He is a co-instructor of the popular industrial short course on Applied Surfactant Science and Technology. He has edited three books on surfactant science and technology and has published over 70 peer reviewed articles on related topics. He has been on several editorial boards, most recently including the Annual Surfactants Review series (Sheffield Academic Press) and the Journal of Contaminant Hydrology. In 1997/98 he was a Senior Fulbright Scholar at the Universität Tübingen, Germany.

Honors: The OU Student Association Outstanding Faculty Award for Engineering (1996);  MAPCO Distinguished Lectureship Award (OU College of Engineering, 1996, 1997); Regents Award for Superior Teaching (University of Oklahoma - 1995); Outstanding Young Alumnus Award (Iowa State University - 1995).

Faculty webpage, University of Oklahoma.  http://cees.ou.edu/faculty/index.html#sabatini

Homepage:  www.soonercity.ou.edu/sabatini/

Surfactant Associates, Inc.  http://www.surfactantassociates.com/ COMPANY PROFILE

Surfactant Associates, Inc. (SA) is a small private corporation formed by University of Oklahoma faculty members with expertise in surfactant science and applications.  SA performs contract research for industry and government agencies and has trained thousands of scientists and engineers worldwide with our Short Course in Applied Surfactant Science and Technology, for those in industry requiring surfactant training to expertly optimize product processes and formulation. 

David A. Sabatini. "Stress," http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/ouchristianfas/sab_faq.htm

David A. Sabatini.  "The Renewing Power of a Sabbatical: How uprooting my family, leaving behind my job, and spending a year in Europe made me a better educator," http://www.aahebulletin.com/public/archive/oct99f1.asp.  From the October 1999 AAHE Bulletin (See Sabatical Options for a list of resources)

David A. Sabatini. Testimony: http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/OUChristianFAS/sab_test.htm

"I have found my faith in Jesus Christ, as based upon the truths in the Bible, to be consistent with my scientific and intellectual life. I could not respect or accept a God or religion that can not stand up against intellectual scrutiny; at the same time, I can accept the fact that we will never understand everything, in science or religion. These things I know for certain, that God loves us and desires an abundant life for us, that He desires a personal and daily relationship with us, that Jesus Christ is the provision for this personal relationship, and that as we receive Christ as our Lord and Savior we will experience the peace that surpasses all comprehension. I have found these things to be true in my life, and can only hope, and pray, that my experience may encourage others to realize these truths for themselves."

Girolamo Saccheri, S.J.  / Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri

Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri (1667-1733) was an Italian Jesuit priest and teacher who did pioneering work in the areas of mathematical logic and non-Euclidian geometry.
The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/saccheri.html

Theorems of Saccheri, S.J. - 1733: and his non Euclidean Geometry http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/sacflaw/sacther.htm

J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson. "Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri," http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Saccheri.html or http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/References/Saccheri.html

http://www.sciences-en-ligne.com/momo/chronomath/chrono1/Saccheri.html (in French)

Jean Claude Saint-Venant

(1797-1886). Saint-Venant worked mainly on mechanics, elasticity, hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. Perhaps his most remarkable work was that which he published in 1843 in which he gave the correct derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations.

http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/history/Mathematicians/Saint-Venant.html

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Saint-Venant.html

Gregorius Saint Vincent /Gregory of Saint Vincent, S.J. *** Not in Gale

(1584-1667).  Belgian mathematician, astronomer and mechanic.  Catholic Jesuit.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/saintvct.html

As an established mathematician Saint Vincent presented a theory of conics from Commandino's editions of Archimedes (1558), Apollonius (1566), and Pappus (1588). He also developed a useful method of infinitesimals. His Theoramata mathemaica scientiae staticae, (Louvain, 1624), was defended by two of his students, Gualterus van Aebst and Johann Ciermans.

Two other students, Guillaume Boelmans, and Ignaz Derkennis aided him in the preparation of his Problema Austricum on the quadrature of the circle. He requested permission from Mutius Vitelleschi, general of the order, to have his manuscript published in Rome. In 1625 he was called to Rome to modify the work upon Christoph Grienberger's (Clavius' successor) request. He returned two years later with no settlement of the issue.

The following year he was called to Prague as the imperial confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II. He suffered a heart attack. Upon recovery he requested an assistant and received Theodor Moret. He continued his research until he fled to Vienna from the advancing Swedes. He left behind many of his papers, which he only received from a colleague ten years later. He published these papers as the Opus geometricum in Antwerp, 1647. When the controversy over the quadrature of the circle in the Opus subsided, he took up another classical problem, the duplication of the cube. He suffered a second heart attack in 1559 and died from a third attack in 1667. His work was completed by A.A. Sarosa. His last pupil, Joachim van Paepenbroek supervised the publication of Gregorius'treatise, Opus ad mesolabum.

Among his earlier works are Theses cometis (1619) and Theses mechanicae (1620).

In 1605 he became a Jesuit novice and was received into the order in 1607. In Louvain, six years later he was ordained a priest.

J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson. "Gregorius Saint-Vincent," http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Saint-Vincent.html

Angelo Sala / Angelus *** Not in Gale

(c. 1576-1637).  Italian-born physician, pharmacologist.  Catholic, then Calvinist.

http://microscopy.fsu.edu/optics/timeline/people/sala.html:

Angelo Sala was the self-educated son of an Italian spinner whose experiments with silver salts were an important step towards the invention of the photographic process. In 1614, he demonstrated that the sun blackened powdered silver nitrate, as well as paper that was wrapped around it, and published his findings in a pamphlet. Robert Boyle had made a similar observation previously, but mistakenly believed that the darkening resulted from exposure to air, rather than light. It was not until Sala's discovery was combined with the optics work of many others, however, that photography was finally invented in the 1830s.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sala.html:

Sala began publishing on chemistry and medicines in about 1608-9. He published rather extensively in the genre, including a book of medications in 1624. In 1617 he published a book on the plague and how to cope with it.

Early he was influenced by Paracelsus and published in the Paracelsian tradition. Later Sala became skeptical of some the Paracelsus' theories, and in his later years he strove to amalgamate Paracelsianism with Galenic medicine.  Sala's theories on chemical composition were historically important.

The whole family moved to Geneva in the late 16th century, converting to Calvinism.

Denys de Sallo / Denis de Sallo *** Not in Gale

(1626-1669).  French scientific communicator, editor.  Catholic.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sallo.html

Denys de Sallo was the founder of the first scholarly periodical, Journal des scavans. Thirteen weekly issues were published under his editorship in 1665. The Journal responded to several aspects of contemporary life. New facts, theories, and techniques posed issues that changed the basis of the thought of scientists, historians, philosophers, and others. The journal was a record of new books, a readable and critical account of current writings, and a marketable production. In its first three months some eighty publications were discussed. The journal was international from the outset: about half the books reviewed were published in Paris, while the rest came from London, Amsterdam, Rome, and other French and German cities. A quarter of the space was devoted to scientific material. In addition there were reports of current scientific and technological developments: William Petty's double-hulled vessel and Robert Holme's use of Huygens' clocks on the Atlantic voyages. The most important scientific article offered an account of a learned conference on comets held at the college of the Jesuits.

The first three months of the journal's existence were rather stormy. Sallo managed to make enemies in the Faculty of Medicine, in literary circles, and among the Jesuits. The following nine month interruption has been explained by Sallo's critical ultramontanism, his mistake in criticizing people unaccustomed to being criticized, and his failure to submit pages for official approval. The Journal was suppressed in 1665, and when publication resumed in 1666 it was under a different editor.

Ippolito Salviani *** Not in Gale

(1514-1572).  Italian physician, zoologist.  Catholic.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/salviani.html

Salviani published one medical work, De crisibus ad Galeni censuram (1556). He is better known for his monumental work on ichthyology, Aquatilium animalium historiae, published some time between 1554 and 1558. It describes the fish of the Mediterranean.  He was personal physician to Pope Julius III, Pope Paul IV, and Cardinal Cervini, who was Pope Marcellus II for a month before he died.

From 1551 until at least 1568 he was professor of practical medicine at the Sapienza.  In 1565 he was made principal physician of the medical college of Rome.  In 1564 Salviani was named conservatore (registrar) of Rome, an administrative position concerned with the preservation of antiquities.

http://www.salviani.it/ippsal.htm (in Italian)

Ronald G. Samec, Ph.D. *** Not in Gale

Physicist.  Chair, Science Education, Physics and Astronomy, Bob Jones University Professor of Physics and Engineering, 1996 - present, Department of Physics and Engineering, Astronomy Program, Bob Jones University, Greenville, SC; Chair, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Associate Professor: '93 - '96, Millikin University, Decatur, IL; Physics and Astronomy, Assistant Professor: '87-'93, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN; Planetarium, Public Observatory Director: '87-'93, Butler University, Indianapolis, IN; A3-P Spitz Planetarium, 0.95-m Cass, J. I. Holcomb Observatory, J.I. Holcomb Observatory, 46208; Graduate Teaching Assistant: '82-'87, Clemson University, Clemson, SC; Taught Astronomy labs (aided in revising manual), College Physics Course, Planetarium instructor, A3-P Spitz Planetarium.

B.A. in Astronomy, University of South Florida; M.S. Science Education, Physics Concentration, The University of South Florida; Ph.D. Physics, Clemson University - 1987

Member: American Physical Society (APS), American Association of Physics Teachers (AAPT), American Astronomical Society (AAS), Full Member; Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP); Council on Undergraduate Research (CUR); International Astronomical Union (IAU); IAU Commission 27,42 Member International Amateur-Professional Photoelectric Photometry (IAPPP); Society of Physics Students (SPS); Sigma Pi Sigma (SPS).

http://www.bju.edu/academics/cas/science/faculty/index (scroll down page).

http://www.icr.org/creationscientists/samec.html

Ronald G. Samec. "BJU Scientists Speak Out on Creation, Evolution, and the Bible; Proposition 6."

A student in the Sc 179 course asked this question: "Are the scored moons of the Jovian planets and the tilted axis of Uranus evidences of catastrophic changes within our solar system following the creation?"

http://www.bju.edu/academics/cas/science/creation/panel/response6

Francisco Sanchez / Francisco Sanches *** Not in Gale

(c. 1551-1623).  Portuguese natural philosopher, physician, anatomist, mathematician.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sanchez.html:

Sanchez wrote anatomical works and was a careful clinical observer.  His Quod nihil scitur, 1581, was a rigorous skeptical attack on Aristotelian science. Only particulars can be known, but the senses also are imperfect.  He questioned Clavius on mathematics, in print.  Sanchez was of Jewish descent. He adhered to Catholicism.

Allan Rex Sandage

Astronomer Allan Rex Sandage (born 1926) took it as his life's work to find out how old and how large the universe is. His work led him to conclude the universe is 15 billion to 20 billion years old. Sandage is credited with the discovery of quasars, small blue cosmic objects that may be places where stars are born.  Messianic Jew.

Dr. Allan Sandage.  "A Scientist Reflects on Religious Belief," http://www.leaderu.com/truth/1truth15.html

"If there is no God, nothing makes sense. The atheist's case is based on a deception they wish to play upon themselves that follows already from their initial premise. And if there is a God, he must be true both to science and religion. If it seems not so, then one's hermeneutics (either the pastor's or the scientist's) must wrong."

http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Sandage/index.html

Howard Sanderford

Born on October 18, 1935 in Meridian, Mississippi, Howard Sanderford received his Associate of Science degree from Meridian Junior College in 1955 and his Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Mississippi State University in 1957.  After college, Sanderford served as a Marine Corps Captain from 1957 to 1961. He then worked for the IBM Corporation. Sanderford is currently President of Computer Leasing Company, Inc. Elected to the Alabama House of Representatives in 1989, he was reelected to a second term in 2002.

Howard Sanderford is a member of the First Baptist Church. He is a past President of the Huntsville Rotary Club, past Chairman of the Madison County Republican Executive Committee, past Co-Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Free Enterprise Committee, and past Vice President of the Metropolitan YMCA Board. He currently serves as a member of the Alabama Commission on Aerospace Sciences, the Alabama Management Improvement Program, and the Alabama Board of Medical Scholarship Awards.

Official website: http://www.legislature.state.al.us/house/representatives/housebios/hd020.html

Santorio Santorio / Sanctorius

(1561-1636). Italian physician who was the founder of modern quantitative medical research.  Santorio was the first to employ instruments of precision in the practice of medicine, and whose studies of basal metabolism introduced quantitative experimental procedure. In Balkan region (1587-99); professor at Padua (1611-24). Adapted some inventions of his friend Galileo and developed a pulse clock (1602) and a clinical thermometer (1612); investigated insensible perspiration, published results in De statica medicina (1614).

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/santorio.html

http://cnx.rice.edu/content/m11969/latest/

http://www.saunalahti.fi/arnoldus/santorio.html (Finnish)

http://www.polybiblio.com/watbooks/2167.html:

"Written in the form of aphorisms, Santorio presents his research into metabolism, then known as 'insensible perspiration'. He devised an elaborate weighing chair, and experimented on himself to determine the quantitative changes in the body, only eating and drinking while seated in his chair. Through a long series of experiments and careful record-keeping established that a large part of excretion occurs invisibly through the skin. He employed a pulse-clock, and was the first to use a thermometer in physiological experiments; he was also the 'inventor' of the thermometer insofar as he was the first to attach a fixed scale to Galileo's thermoscope, thus making it a quantitative measuring instrument.
'Through most of the 17th and 18th centuries Santorio's name was linked with that of Harvey as the greatest figure in physiology and experimental medicine because of his introduction of precision instruments for quantitative studies. He was also the founder of modern metabolic research' (Garrison and Morton n. 572.1)."

Jonathan D. Sarfati *** Not in Gale

(Born 1964). Chemist.  Ph.D. in physical chemistry (spectroscopy) from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand;  B.S. (Hons) in chemistry from Victoria University of Wellington.

• Refuting Evolution; See index of online chapters.
• Refuting Evolution 2 (with Michael Matthews); See index of online chapters.
• Refuting Compromise: A biblical and scientific refutation of ‘progressive creationism’ (billions of years) as popularized by astronomer Hugh Ross ; See introductory chapter and reviews.
• Creation Answers Book (edited by Don Batten) with David Catchpoole& Dr Carl Wieland); See index of online chapters.
• Answers to the 4 Big Questions (edited by Dr Don Batten; with Ken Ham & Dr Carl Wieland)
• 15 Reasons to Take Genesis as History (with Dr Don Batten)
• Mammoth: Riddle of the Ice Age (Booklet)
• Why is there Death & Suffering? (Booklet)
• The Genesis Files: Meet 22 Modern-Day Scientists Who Believe in a Six-Day Recent Creation (One of the interviews is with Dr Sarfati)
• In Six Days: Why 50 [Ph.D.] Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation (Dr Sarfati contributed one of the articles)

http://www.creationontheweb.com/sarfati

http://www.christiananswers.net/creation/people/sarfati-j.html

Testimony in In Six Days: Why Fifty Scientists Choose to Believe in Creation, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D.  Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2001.  ISBN 0-89051-341-4.

James Lewis Sartin, Jr.

(Born February 15, 1952).  Physiologist.

http://www.vetmed.auburn.edu/~sartijl/:

Dr. James Sartin, Professor of Physiology in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and the Department of Animal Health Research, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. He received his BA in Psychology from Auburn University in 1973, MS in Zoology from Auburn University in 1976 and a Ph.D. in Physiology from Oklahoma State University, Stillwater in 1978. He was a Teaching Associate at Oklahoma State from 1978-1979 before beginning postdoctoral training at Temple University, Philadelphia from 1979-1981. Dr. Sartin spent an additional year on the faculty as a staff biologist at Temple University before joining the faculty at Auburn (Alabama) University in 1982. Assistant Professor physiology Auburn University, 1982-87, Associate Professor, 1987-92, Professor, 1992.

Dr. Sartin's primary research and teaching interests are in the area of endocrinology. The general thrust of research has been in the area of control of appetite in sheep, particularly orexin, neuropeptide Y, melanin concentrating hormone and AGRP.

Member AAAS, International Society Neuroendocrinology, American Physiol. Society, American Society Animal Science, Endocrine Society Democrat. Baptist.

Dr. Sartin is editor of Domestic Animal Endocrinology.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Philip William Sary

(Born 1950).  Science and mathematics educator.  Certified mathematics and science adult education Teacher, life sciences secondary Teacher Youth minister First Baptist Church, Lincoln, California, 1973-78; fisheries biologist, Code Fisheries, Lincoln, 1979; instructo,r Chapman College, Vallejo, California, 1982. B.S. California State University-Hayward, 1973; M.Div., Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary, 1982.

Associate pastor Redwood Baptist Church, Napa, California, 1979-86; lead singer Cornerstone, Lincoln, 1973-76; soloist concerts, 1975. Composer of Christian rock songs, 1972; marine animal illustrator, 1971.

Member: Biblical Archeology Society.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Joseph Saurin *** Not in Gale

(1659-1737).  French-born mathematician, mechanic. Calvinist, then Catholic (after 1690)

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/saurin.html:

Firmly committed to the new infinitesimal calculus, Saurin explored the limits and possibilities of its methods and defended it against criticism based on lack of understanding.  He provided neat algebraic demonstrations of Huygens's theorem on centrifugal force, and defended Huygens's theory of the pendulum.

Many of his works appeared in the Mémoires of the Académie from 1707-31.

Member: Académie Royal des Sciences, 1707.  By 1702, as a mathematical editor for the Journal des scavans, he was involved in disputes, most notably with Rolle, over infinitesimal calculus. Failing to get a satisfactory response from Rolle, he appealed to the Academy, of which Rolle was a member. The Academy avoided a direct decision in favor of an outsider by naming him an élève géometre in March 1707 and a full pensionnaire géometre in May 1707.

He entered the Calvinist ministry in 1684 as curate of Eure. Outspoken in the pulpit, he soon had to take refuge in Switzerland. No less combative in exile, he refused at first to sign the Consensus of Geneva (1685). The pressure brought on him as a result apparently weakened his Calvinist persuasion. In 1690 he embraced Roman Catholicism.

J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson. "Joseph Saurin,"

http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Saurin.html: Saurin made contributions to the calculus, wrote on Jacob Bernoulli's problem of quickest descent and Huygens' theory of the pendulum.

Joseph Sauveur

(1653-1716). French physicist and acoustician. A deaf-mute, learning to speak in his seventh year, he became a remarkable investigator in the realm of acoustics. He was the first to calculate absolute vibration numbers, and to explain scientifically the phenomenon of overtones.Professor, College de France (1686); engaged at siege of Mons to apply his principles of fortification (1691).  In 1696 he became a member of the Académie.

Author: (all published in the Mémoires of the Académie): Principes d'acoustique et de musique (1700-01); Application des sons harmoniques à la composition des jeux d'orgue (1702); Méthode générale pour former des systèmes tempérés... (1707); Table générale des systèmes tempérés (1711); Rapports des sons des cordes d'instruments de musique aux flèches des cordes (1713).

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sauveur.html

Sir Henry Savile

(1549-1622). English scholar. Tutor in Greek to Queen Elizabeth; warden of Merton College, Oxford (1585-1622); translated four books of the Historiae of Tacitus (1591). One of scholars appointed to prepare Authorized Version of the Bible, assigned parts of Gospels, Acts, and Book of Revelation (1604 ff.). Published editions of St.Chrysostom (1610-13) and Xenophon's Cyropaedia (1613). Founded and endowed Savile professorships of geometry and astronomy, Oxford (1619).

J. J. O'Connor and E. F. Robertson. "Sir Henry Savile," http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Savile.html

Henry Savile entered Brasenose College Oxford in 1561 and he was elected a Fellow of Merton College Oxford in 1565. He graduated with an B.A. in 1566 and an M.A. in 1570.

On 10 October 1570 he began to lecture at Oxford on Ptolemy's Almagest. Savile introduced his students to the new ideas of Regiomontanus and Copernicus. He mentions both classical authors of mathematics, giving their biographies, and the leading mathematicians of the day whose works he had clearly studied. In the introduction to the lectures Savile gives his views on why students should study mathematics. The study of mathematics, argues Savile, turns a student into an educated, civilised human being.

Savile is most famous for founding two chairs at Oxford in 1619. Savile said that he established the Chairs to remedy the fact that:  "... geometry is almost totally unknown and abandoned in England."

"Savilian Chairs of Geometry and Astronomy," http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Societies/Savilian.html.  Lists mathematicians and astronomers who have held these chairs.

http://58.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SA/SAVILE_SIR_HENRY.htm

Archibald Henry Sayce

(1845-1933). English philologist. Authority on Near Eastern languages; tutor (1870-90), Professor (1891-1919) at Oxford. Author of Assyrian Grammarfor Comparative Purposes (1872), Introduction to the Science of Language (1879), The Monuments of the Hittites (1881), The Early History of the Hebrews (1897), Early Israel and the Surrounding Nations (1898), The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions (1907), Reminiscences (1923), etc.

http://9.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SA/SAYCE_ARCHIBALD_HENRY.htm

http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=293&letter=S

PITTS THEOLOGY LIBRARY ARCHIVES AND MANUSCRIPTS DEPARTMENT  SAYCE, A. H. (ARCHIBALD HENRY), 1845-1933. Letters, 1876-1918. http://www.pitts.emory.edu/Archives/text/mss264.html

Julius Caesar Scaliger / Bordon / Bordonius

(1484-1558). Italian physician, pharmacologist, botanist, natural philosopher and scholar. He claimed descent from della Scala family and changed name to Scaliger. Practiced medicine in Agen, France (from 1524); naturalized (1528). Established fame with orations against Erasmus's Ciceronianus (1531, 1536). Writings, all in Latin, included verse; a Latin grammar on scientificprinciples De causis linguae latinae (1540); De plantis (1556); and Poetice (1561), a treatise on poetics which helped foster Classicism. Best known for his philosophical and scientific writings, including commentaries on works of Aristotle, Hippocrates, Theophrastus, and esp. his Exercitationes exotericae de subtilitate (1557) on Cardano's De subtilitate. His son (1540-1609) was one of the most renowned scholars of his time; became a Protestant (1562); professor, Geneva (1572-74), Leiden (from 1593). Helaid down and applied in his editions of Catalecta, of Festus, Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius, rules of criticism and of textual emendation that laid the foundation for modern textual criticism. His edition of Manilius (1579) and his Opus de emendatione temporum (1583) revolutionized accepted ideas on ancient chronology and laid the foundation of the modern study of the subject; in his Thesaurus temporum (1606) he collected, often restoring defective texts, all available extant chronological writings of classic Greek and Latin; established numismatics as a tool of historical research.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/scaliger.html:

He presented editions of three ancient treatises in which he tried to effect a new and more consistent classification of plants. He felt it was necessary to submit everything to examination and not to embrace ancient authorities with 'servile adulation'.

During his tour in the army he studied medicine and collected medicinal herbs in Northern Italy.

He first established his fame by a savage attack on Erasmus (Paris, 1531). He confirmed his fame with a critique of Cardano expressed in his Exotericarum exercitationem (1557), which won him the admiration of Bacon and Leibniz.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13506a.htm

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Julius%20Caesar%20Scaliger

http://www.portaljuice.com/julius_caesar_scaliger.html

http://www.internet-encyclopedia.org/wiki.php?title=Julius_Caesar_Scaliger

Joseph Justus Scaliger

(1540-1609).  French scholar, founded Julian period of scientific chronology.

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Joseph+Justus+Scaliger

JOSEPH JUSTUS SCALIGER (de la Scala) http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/scaliger.htm (in German)

http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/j/jo/joseph_justus_scaliger.html

Paula Renee Scarbrough

(Born July 13, 1954).  Geneticist.  Intern in pediatrics, University of South Alabama, Mobile, 1978-79, resident in pediatrics, 1979-80; fellow in Medical genetics University of Alabama, Birmingham, 1980-82, clinical instructor, fellow Medical genetics, 1982-83; staff clinical geneticist, Laboratory Medical Genetics, 1983; member staff University of Alabama Hospitals and Clinics, Birmingham; consultant St. Vincent's Hospital, Brookwood Medical Center, Baptist Medical Center-Montclair, all Birmingham.  B.S. in Biology, Spring Hill College, 1974; M.D., University of Alabama, 1978.

Honors:  Recipient Toolen award Spring Hill College, 1974; President's scholar in biology Spring Hill College, 1974.

Member: American Woman's Medical Association. Baptist.

Contributor of articles to professional journals.

Henry F. "Fritz" Schaefer, III / Henry Frederick Schaefer, III

(Born 1944).  Chemist, educator.  Dr. "Fritz" Schaefer is the Graham Perdue Professor of Chemistry and Director of the Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry at the University of Georgia, Athens (since 1987). He has been nominated for the Nobel Prize and was recently named the third-most cited chemist in the world.  Previous posts: from Assistant Professor to Professor chemistry, University of Californiat at Berkeley, 1969-87. Appointed Professeur d'Echange University Paris, 1977, Gastprofessor Eidgenossische Technische Hochshule, Zurich, 1994, 95, 97, 2000, 02, 04; Wilfred T. Doherty Professor, dir. Inst. Theoretical Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, 1979-80; Lecturer in field.  Education: BS, MIT, 1966; Ph.D., Stanford University, 1969; Doctorate, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria, 1998; Doctorate, University of Sofia, Bulgaria, 1999; Doctorate, Beijing Inst. Tech., 1999; Doctorate, Huntington College, Indiana, 2002.

Member: Fellow AAAS, American Physics Society, American Science Affiliation; International Academy Quantum Molecular Science, American Chemistry Society (Chairman division of  phys. chemistry 1992, award in theoretical chemistry 2003, Ira M. Remsen award 2003), World Association of Theoretically Oriented Chemists (president, 1996). The Christian Faculty Forum (CFF) at the University of Georgia at http://www.uga.edu/cff/

Honors: Recipient Pure Chemistry award American Chem. Society, 1979, Leo Hendrik Baekeland award, 1983, Schrödinger Medal, 1990, Centenary medal Royal Society Chemistry, London, 1992, Gold medal Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia, 2000; Sloan fellow, 1972, Guggenheim fellow, 1976-77; named one of 100 Outstanding Young Scientists in American, Science Digest, 1984, named 3rd Most Highly cited chemist in world Science Watch, 1992.

Author: Science and Christianity: Conflict or Coherence? 2003. http://apollostrust.com/

Contributor of more than 1000 articles to professional journals including The Electronic Structure of Atoms and Molecules: A Survey of Rigorous Quantum Mechanical Results, 1972, Modern Theoretical Chemistry, 1977, Quantum Chemistry, 1983, A New Dimension to Quantum Chemistry, 1994; editor Molecular Physics, 1991-94, editor in chief, 1995.

Marquis Who's Who, 2004.

Home page: http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/index.html

Biography: http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/biosketch.html

His testimony: http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/wayofdiscovery.html

His apologetic can be found here:

http://www.leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/questions.html

"Scientists and Their Gods (also known as Science and Christianity: Conflict or Coherence?)" - which discusses scientists who are Christians-can be found here:

http://leaderu.com/offices/schaefer/docs/scientists.html and here:

http://www.sci.usq.edu.au/staff/passmore/Christaf/notes/hfs.txt

See also http://www.westminsterhall.us/hfs3/fs_scientists_gods.html and http://www.westminsterhall.us/hfs3/index.html

Faculty webpage, University of Georgia: http://zopyros.ccqc.uga.edu/group/Dr.Schaefer.html

"The significance and joy in my science comes in the occasional moments of discovering something new and saying to myself, 'So that's how God did it!' My goal is to understand a little corner of God's plan."
From Sheler, J. L. and J.M. Schrof, "The Creation", U.S. News and World Report, Dec. 23, 1991, pp. 56-64.

Richard H. Schaefer

(Born 1935).  Marine biologist.  1962-72, fishery research biologist (Marine), New York Dept. of Environmental Conservation; 1972-81, Chief, State/Federal Relationships Division, 1981-84, Senior Constituent Affairs Officer, 1984-87, Acting Director, Northeast Region, 1987-96, Director, Office of Fisheries Conservation and Management, and 1996-present, current position, Dept. of Commerce.  Education: B.S., Rutgers University, NJ, 1953-57; M.S.,Forestry and Wildlife, Rutgers University, NJ, 1957-59.  Presbyterian.

"Richard H. Schaefer." Carroll's Federal Directory. Carroll Publishing, 2004.

TESTIMONY OF RICHARD H. SCHAEFER, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON FISHERIES CONSERVATION, WILDLIFE AND OCEANS, U. S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, APRIL 28, 2000 http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/legreg/testimon/106s/schaefer0428.htm.

Arthur L. Schawlow

Arthur L. Schawlow (1921-1999), a co-inventor of the laser, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1981 for work in laser spectroscopy, and recipient of the National Medal of Science in 1991, made fundamental contributions to the fields of laser and maser spectroscopy. In this field of spectroscopy, spectra that have been amplified by either a laser or a maser are examined in order to discover properties of a targeted material. Schawlow is also remembered as an important professor, Lecturer, and highly visible member of the scientific community.

Autobiography: http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1981/schawlow-autobio.html

http://almaz.com/nobel/physics/1981b.html

http://www.stanford.edu/dept/physics/people/faculty/schawlow_arthur.html

Professor Steven Chu.  "A Tribute to Arthur L. Schawlow," http://www.stanford.edu/dept/physics/newsletter/1999/04tribute.html

http://www.bell-labs.com/about/history/laser/invention/schawlow-bio.html

Arthur L. Schawlow. Arthur L. Schawlow. Regional Oral History Office, University of California, Berkeley1998.   Available from the Online Archive of California, http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt5b69n7k2/

Ben Clausen.  Men of Science and of Faith in God, http://www.grisda.org/bclausen/papers/co40.htm

Jakob Schegk / Jacobus Schegkius / Scheggius / Degen *** Not in Gale

(1511-1587).  German scholastic philosopher, physician.  Catholic, then Lutheran.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/schegk.html

Schegk's first publication was a general compendium of Aristotelian physics. This set the tone of his life's work as a devoted Aristotelian, who became known as the leading Aristotelian in Germany. Strictly speaking, he does not appear to have been a Scholastic, but that seems the only suitable category.  He also published some on medicine.

From 1531-77, he taught philosophy, logic, and medicine at the University of Tübingen, at some point becoming professor of medicine and aristotelian philosophy. He was rector of the university six times. Schegk became blind in 1577, and in that year resigned his position, though he did not cease to publish.

Reared as a Catholic, Schegk accepted without protest the conversion of Tübingen to Lutheranism.

Christoph Scheiner / Christopher Scheiner, S.J.

(1573-1650). German astronomer. Member of Jesuit order; discovered existence of sunspots independently of Galileo (1611); adhered to theory of a stable earth with a moving sun; invented a pantograph.

http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/S/Scheiner/1.html

German astronomer who carried out one of the earliest studies of sunspots and made significant improvements to the helioscope and the telescope. In about 1605 he invented the pantograph, an instrument used for copying plans and drawings to any scale.

"Christopher Scheiner, S.J. (1575-1650) sunspots and his equatorial mount," http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/scheiner.htm:

He discovered sunspots independently of Galileo and explained the elliptical form of the sun near the horizon as the effect of refraction. In his Oculus (1619) he showed that the retina is the seat of vision. He discussed the theory behind sundials (gnomonics) and their construction. In his major work, Rosa ursina sive sol (1630), he confirmed his findings and method and gave his measurement of the inclination of the axis of rotation of the sunspots to the plane of the ecliptic which is only off a few minutes from the true value.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/scheiner.html

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13526a.htm

http://cnx.rice.edu/content/m12126/latest/

http://www.hao.ucar.edu/public/education/sp/images/scheiner.html

http://www.bingo-ev.de/~ks451/ingolsta/cs-01.htm (in German)

Curriculum vitae.  http://www.bingo-ev.de/~ks451/ingolsta/cs-06.htm (in German)

http://www.cosmovisions.com/Scheiner.htm (in French)

 Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer *** Not in Gale

(Born 1955).  Paleoanthropologist.  Ph.D. in physical anthropology.  Since 1999 independent activity as accredited Christian Beraterin of the Ignis-Akademie für Christliche Psychologie /Ignis academy for Christian psychology.  Hartwig-Scherer earned the Ph.D. in physical anthropology at the University of Zurich, studying under R. D. Martin (1986-1993). Her doctoral work was in the field of skeletal ontogeny and hominoid phylogeny. She was research Fellow at the Institute for Anthropology and Human Genetics at Ludwig-Maximilian University in Munich (1993-2001). Her articles have been published in such journals as the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and the Journal of Human Evolution, and she is the author of Ramapithecus-Vorfahr des Menschen? [Ramapithecus-Progenitor of Humans?] (Pascal Verlag). As a member of American and German anthropological and primatological societies she lectures widely. Her current research deals with comparative pre- and postnatal skeletal developments in primates.

http://www.gospelcom.net/cgi-ivpress/author.pl/author_id=1108

Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer.  "Apes or Ancestors? Interpretations of the Hominid Fossil Record within Evolutionary and Basic Type Biology," abstract, http://www.origins.org/mc/menus/abstracts.html

at the Mere Creation conference. Dr Sigrid Hartwig-Scherer regards australopithecines, modern apes and humans as separate basic types.

Contact page: http://www.ctl-beratung.de/kontakt.htm

Translated from http://www.ctl-beratung.de/beraterin.htm: "Theologically I am close to the clergyman municipality renewal of the Evangelist church and belong to the Agape community Munich (www.agape.de) .  I know myself connected with Glaeubigen of all Christian denominations by Jesus. Since 1979 I am married with Siegfried Scherer. Our marriage is inadvertently childless. We live in Freising in a Christian partnership."

Siegfried Scherer

(Born 1955).  Microbiologist.  Dr. Siegfried Scherer is Professor of Microbial Ecology and Director of the Unit of Microbiology at the Technische Universität München, located in Freising-Weihenstephan.  The Unit of Microbiology is one of six units forming the Zentalinstitut für Ernährungs- und Lebensmittelforschung (ZIEL).  Study of biology, chemistry and physics, Universität of Konstanz, 1974; Staatsexamen in chemistry and physics (similar to B.Sc.), 1977; Diplom in biology (equivalent to M.Sc.), 1979; 1983 Ph.D. in biology, Universität Konstanz, (Professor Dr. P. Böger): "Interaction of photosynthesis and respiration in cyanobacteria", 1983; Post doctorate at Universität Konstanz,
Physiology, bioenergetics and biochemistry of cyanobacteria, transport; processes at the cytoplasmic membrane; ecophysiology of terrestrial cyanobacteria; molecular taxonomy and evolution, 1983-1988; BYK-Research Award, 1984; Visit of the Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing (Professor Dr. Chen, Ting-Wei): Ecological field studies of terrestrial cyanobacteria, 1986; Department of Biochemistry, VirginiaTech, Blacksburg, USA (Professor Dr. M. Potts): Molecular biology of terrestrial cyanobacteria, 1988-1989; Research Fellow of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft at Universität Konstanz; Research in molecular ecology of cyanobacteria and protein evolution, 1989-1990; Habilitation at the Fakultät für Biologie der Universität Konstanz: "Plant physiology" and "Microbial ecology", February 1991; Professor of Microbial Ecology, Technische Universität München and Director of the Institute of Microbiology at FML, April 1991 to present.

Faculty webpage, http://www.wzw.tum.de/micbio/institute.htm

Curriculum vitae, http://www.wzw.tum.de/micbio/institute.htm

Helmut Klaes "Creation!  Professor Dr. Siegfried Scherer leads Institut for Microbiology at the Technical University of Munich in Weihenstephan,"

http://alt-fgbmfi.christen-im-beruf.de/voice/voice201/scherer.htm, translated from German:

Scherer:  "God is not only the creator but also the Erhalter of the universe. The whole universe exists, because it will be carried through God wisdom and strength and finally completed. That applies however not only to the world, but also to me personally. He is my creator, my Erhalter and Vollender, me up-arouses becomes from the dead ones at the end of the time. The person Jesus is for me the key to the life. As humans and God at the same time, I owe eternal life, my release and sin assigning to Him.

"I do not see a contrast between occupation and faith. There is only the one reality created by God. God is with me in my work in the laboratory and exactly the same on Sunday in the church. Between science and faith I do not see a contrast. The Bible says: In Jesus all treasures of the wisdom and the knowledge are hidden. [Colossians 2:2-3]  In addition belongs also the knowledge, which we acquire as scientists. I research as a Christian.

"Do not let from the ' white smocks ' in the media impress itself too much. Behind each laboratory coat humans with its errors, fears and hopes hide themselves. Scientists are also only humans, like that as we all."

Giovanni Virginio Schiaparelli

(1835-1910). Italian astronomer. Observer (1860), director (1862-1900), Milan observatory; discovered asteroid Hesperia (1861); showed that meteor swarms travel in cometary orbits (1865); observed numerous double stars; observed markings on Mars which he called canali (1877); believed that Mercury and Venus rotate on their axes in the same time as they revolve around the sun.

http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&Rec_Title=All&iPin=eworldsci0300&RecordType=Biography&natindex=&occindex=

http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Schiaparelli/

http://www.bpccs.com/lcas/Articles/schiaparelli.htm

Wilhelm Schickard

(1592-1635).  German astronomer, mathematician, cartographer, instrument-maker.  Lutheran.
http://www.fact-index.com/w/wi/wilhelm_schickard.html:  "Wilhelm Schickard (1592-1635) built the first automatic calculator in 1623. This makes him the father of the computing era, and one of the most remarkable figures in recorded history."

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/schickrd.html

Schickard was a skilled mechanic, cartographer, and engraver in wood and copperplate. He is famous as the inventor of the first calculating machine (1623). And he proposed to Kepler the development of a mechanical means of calculating ephemerides.

He is more significant for his work in cartography. He recognized that certain contemporary developments in cartographer made more accurate maps possible, and he advocated their use in Kurze Anweisung, wie künstliche Landtafeln auss rechtem Grund zu machen (1629). He also appears to have undertaken a survey of Württemberg.  He also invented a "hand planetarum" (it is actually more like an orrery).

In 1613-19, he acted as deacon or pastor in several towns around Tübingen (e.g., in 1614 he was deacon at Nürtingen).  In1619, he was Professor of Hebrew, University of Tübingen.  In 1631, he became Professor of astronomy, University of Tübingen.

Connections: He was a student, colleague, and eventual successor of Mästlin. He was a friend and correspondent of Kepler from 1617, and was among the first to mention and advocate Keplerian astronomy. He also corresponded with Boulliau, Gassendi, and Brengger.

J.J. O'Connor and E.F. Robertson. "Wilhelm Schickard," http://www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Schickard.html

Author: Benjamin Nill Tutors: Bernd Eberhard, Frank Hanisch.  Java 3D-Simulation of the Schickard Calculator from 1623.  http://www.gris.uni-tuebingen.de/projects/schickard/index.html. "The Schickard Calculator is the first known mechanical calculator to add, subtract, multiply and divide. It was invented by the German professor Wilhelm Schickard in 1623, but remained unknown for 300 years. In 1960 it was reconstructed by Baron Bruno von Freytag-Löringhoff. In this study work a simulation of the reconstructed calculator was done using a Java 3D-applet. This makes it possible to perform calculations like Schickard did, watch the calculator from any view point you like and even gain an insight view of case."

About Schickard and his calculator. http://www.gris.uni-tuebingen.de/projects/schickard/studw_1.pdf

http://www.thocp.net/biographies/schickard_wilhelm.html

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Wilhelm%20Schickard:

Contemporaries called his machine the Calculating Clock. It precedes the less versatile Pascaline of Blaise Pascal and the calculator of Gottfried Leibniz by several decades. Schickard's letters to Johannes Kepler show how to use the machine for calculating astronomical tables. Schickard's machine, however, was not programmable. The first design of a programmable computer came roughly 200 years later (Charles Babbage). And the first working program-controlled machine was completed more than 300 years later (Konrad Zuse 's Z3, 1941).

Wilhelm Schickard Museum of Computing History at Concordia University Wisconsin.  http://www.cs.cuw.edu/museum/Index.html

http://www.cs.cuw.edu/museum/Schickard.html

Robert E. Schlegel *** Not in Gale

Industrial engineer.  Professor of Industrial Engineering, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Oklahoma.  Associate Director for Research, Center for the Study of Wireless Electromagnetic Compatibility, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK. (August 1996 - December 1999). At the NASA Ames Research Center, he conducted bedrest study at Human Research Facility to examine effects of 17 days of continuous bedrest on cognitive processing skills. (Summer 1995).  At the NASA Johnson Space Center, he provided support from the JSC Science Monitoring Area for the PAWS experiment on International Microgravity Laboratory 2 (IML-2;1994) and Life and Microgravity Space Lab (LMS; 1996) aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. Research involved determining the effects of microgravity and fatigue on the cognitive skills of space shuttle astronauts. At General Motors Corporation, Detroit, MI, he was Instructor for Human Information Processing section of intensive ergonomics course. (September 1994). He received his B.S. (Industrial Engineering With Distinction), University of Oklahoma, 1973 and his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Oklahoma, Norman in 1980.

Member: U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Research Fellow, Brooks AFB, Texas. (Summer 1992; Summer 1982); U.S. Air Force Summer Faculty Research Fellow, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio. (Summer 1984); Professional Societies Human Factors and Ergonomics Society; Institute of Industrial Engineers (President, Oklahoma City Chapter, 1984); Alpha Pi Mu, Tau Beta Pi, Sigma Tau, Phi Eta Sigma.

Awards and Honors: Regents Award for Superior Research and Creative Activity, University of Oklahoma  (2000); AAMI Annual Meeting Management and Technology Outstanding Manuscript Award for paper "Impact of CDMA Wireless Phone Power Output and Puncture Rate on Hearing Aid  Interference Levels", Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation - co-authored with T. Fry and H. Grant  (1999); OSPE Outstanding Engineer of the year (1999); Outstanding Engineer, OSPE Canadian Valley (1998); Professional Engineer Achievement Award (1998), Canadian Valley, Norman Chapter of Profesional Engineers; CoE Distinguished Lecturer Award (1998); Young Engineering Educators, Society of Automotive Engineers (1984, 1991); Ralph R. Teetor Educational Award for Outstanding Young Engineering Educators, Society of Automotive Engineers (1991, 1984);
OTT Foundation Honorable Mention Award for paper "Spectral Analysis in Quality Control: A Control Chart Based on the Periodgram", Technometrics, 30(1), 63-70, 1988. (1989); Regents Award for Superior Teaching, University of Oklahoma (1988); Outstanding Professor of Industrial Engineering (1984, 1986); and others.

Faculty webpage, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Oklahoma.

http://www.coe.ou.edu/ie/people/fac/schlegel.htm

F. Hank Grant and Robert E. Schlegel.  "Planar Separation Effects: Pacemakers and Wireless Phones,"

http://www.devicelink.com/mddi/archive/98/09/008.html. This article presents the results of experimental work undertaken to determine the minimum separation distance required to eliminate electromagnetic interference (EMI) between wireless phones and cardiac pacemakers.

Jeffrey P. Schloss, Ph.D. *** Not in Gale

Ecologist, Evolutionary Biologist.  Professor of Biology, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA: Biology Department: Chair (1989-1996); Professor - (1993- ); Associate Professor (1987- 93); Assistant Professor (1981-87). Wheaton College Science Station: Visiting Instructor (Summers 1989-present).

He also serves as Director of Biological Programs for the Christian Environmental Association (1993-present) and science consultant for the Christian College Coalition Faculty Development Program in Faith & Learning.

Jeffrey P. Schloss received his undergraduate training in philosophy at University of the Pacific and in biology at Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois, 1975. He pursued post baccalaureate training in ecology and evolutionary biology at University of Virginia, University of Michigan, and Washington University, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences at St. Louis, Missouri, where he received a Ph.D. in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology in 1983. He has taught at the University of Michigan, Wheaton College, Jaguar Creek Rainforest Research Station. He has been a Danforth Fellow, a AAAS Fellow in Science Communication and a Fellow of the Discovery Institute. His dual research interests include ecophysiological adaptions of poikilohydric plants to forest microclimate, and sociobiological theories of human altruism and religious faith.

From Jeffrey P. Schloss.  Professor of Biology, Westmont College, http://www.id.ucsb.edu/Veritas/2000/schloss.html

Charter Member, International Society for Science & Religion; Fellow, Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture with the Discovery Institute.

Awards: Templeton Award for Science/Religion College Coursework, 1995; Monroe Award for Outstanding Teaching, Westmont College, 1987, 1993; Elected Member, Society for Values in Higher Education, 1982; Danforth Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1979; Fellow in Science Communication, University of Virginia Mountain Lake Fellow, 1976.

Curriculum vitae: http://www.templeton.org/biochem-finetuning/papers/schloss_cv.doc

Jeffrey P. Schloss, Professor of Biology, Westmont College.  "Evolutionary Theories of Human Nature:
Maginot Line or Armistice Site for Theism/Naturalism Conflict?"

http://www.leaderu.com/offices/koons/docs/Schloss.html

Dr. Jeffrey P. Schloss, Professor of Biology, Faculty webpage, Wheaton College,  http://www.wheaton.edu/BlackHills/faculty/schloss.html.  "My professional involvements were forged as an undergraduate at a Christian liberal arts college and include longstanding, bifurcated interests in field biology (ecophysiology of water balance) and integrative issues (theological and biological perspectives on human nature)."

Gaspar Schott, S.J. *** Not in Gale

(1608-1666).  German physicist, mathematician, natural philosopher, instrument-maker.  Catholic, joined Jesuit order in 1627.

From http://www.prbm.com/interest/math.shtml:

Gaspar (or Kaspar) Schott (1608-1666), Jesuit, mathematician, and physicist, taught at Palermo, Mainz, and Würzburg. His chief work is the Magia universalis. He also was the author of Mechanica hydraulica-pneumatica (1657) among other works, and is credited with reviving the study of physics in Germany.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/schott.html:

Schott is most widely known for his works on hydraulic and mechanical instruments. A treatise on "chronometric marvels" contains the first description of a universal joint and the classification of gear teeth.

He developed a leveling instrument for use in surveying.  As a result of his compendium, Mechanica hydraulico- pneumatica, he became the center of a network of correspondence from other Jesuits as well as lay experimenters.  He received letters from Guericke and Huygens, and was the first to make Boyle's work on the air pump widely known in Germany.

http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/schott.htm

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13589a.htm

Johann Jakob Scheuchzer *** Not in Gale

(1672-1733).  Swiss paleontologist, geographer, botanist, natural historian, mathematician, mineralogist.  Calvinist.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/schuchzr.html

While still a student in Zürich, he was active in the circle around Dr. Wagner which was interestedin natural history.  In1694, he was invited to join the "Collegium der Wohlgesinnten," a Zürich science society.  In 1697, he became actuary of the Wohlgesinnten and remained such for 10 years until the decay of the society.

He was also selected as the "Dog Days Lecturer," which was apparently a municipal institution to provide edification for students during the summer vacation.  In 1697, he became (on the recommendation of Johann Wagenseil) a member of the Academia naturae curiosum (the Leopoldina), under the name Akarnan.

1708, He became a fellow of the Royal Society. He carried on an extensive scientific correspondence--see Steiger.

http://5.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SC/SCHEUCHZER_JOHANN_JAKOB.htm

http://www.fact-index.com/j/jo/johann_jakob_scheuchzer.html

http://www.ethbib.ethz.ch/exhibit/sonne/biogrScheuchzer03.html (in German)

http://www.lexhist.ch/externe/protect/textes/d/D14622.html (in German)

http://www.knowlex.org/lexikon/Johann_Jacob_Scheuchzer.html (in German)

Agostino Scilla

(1629-1700).  Italian painter, paleontologist, geologist.  Agostino Scilla inaugurated the modern scientific study of fossils.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/scilla.html:

He is particularly remembered as the author of La vana speculazione disingannata dal senso (1670), one of the classics of geology and paleontology.  Scilla was primarily a painter. After he left Messina, his paintings were largely pastoral, so that he had an obvious interest in natural history. He accompanied Boccone on his botanical expeditions to Sicily and was cited by Boccone quite favorably.  In the field of learning his primary interst was not science but numismatics.

In Messina Scilla was a member of the Accademia della Fucina, an academy of literature and science.

In Rome Scilla became a member of the academy of painting (I think this is the Accademia di S. Luca) and eventually its president.

http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/milleanni/cronologia/biografie/scilla.html (in Italian)

Dr. Linda S. Schwab *** Not in Gale

Chemist.  Professor.  Dr. Schwab has been a member of the faculty of Wells College, Aurora, NY since 1983, following employment as an Associate in the Center for Brain Research at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and a Teaching Fellow at Northeastern Seminary since 2001. B.A. in Chemistry, Summa cum Laude, Phi Beta Kappa, Wells College, 1973; M.S. (1975), Ph.D. in Chemistry, University of Rochester, 1978; M. Div., Northeastern Seminary, 2003.

She is a Conference Ministerial Candidate in the Free Methodist Church of North America, and is serving at First Church of Christ in Pittsfield (MA).

Linda S. Schwab, Professor of Chemistry.  "INTEGRATING FAITH AND SCIENCE," http://www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/Youth%20Page/teachers5-2000.html. Introductory Remarks as Panelists for the Campus Ministry Luncheon Series. Topic: "Faith and Science". Cayuga Community College, Auburn, NY, 19 April 2000.

"Wells Continues Partnership with Walter Reed Research Institute,"  http://www.wells.edu/whatsnew/wnnwar20.htm.  May 1988.  "A visit by two professors to Washington D.C. has helped strengthen a bond between Wells College and the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research which is contributing to the study of tropical diseases and science education for women.

For several years, Professor of Biology Margaret G. Flowers and Professor of Chemistry Linda S. Schwab have included research components in their college science classes that allow students to test various medicinal plants for their ability to fight tropical diseases. Their current work involves dogwood and the roadside plant, Joe Pye Weed."

Testimony in On the Seventh Day: Forty Scientists and Academics Explain Why They Believe in God, edited by John F. Ashton, Ph.D.  Master Books, Inc., Green Forest, AR, 2002.  ISBN 0-89051-376-7.

Theodor Ambrose Hubert Schwann

The German biologist and physiologist Theodor Schwann (1810-1882) is regarded as father of cytology; co-founded cell theory; coined term "metabolism."  He also discovered pepsin, the first digestive enzyme prepared from animal tissue, and experimented to disprove spontaneous generation.

http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data/per136.html

http://home.tiscalinet.ch/biografien/biografien/schwann.htm

Theodor Schwann.  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13592b.htm

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/biography/Schwann.html

http://39.1911encyclopedia.org/S/SC/SCHWANN_THEODOR.htm

Anton Maria Schyrle of Rhetia *** Not in Gale

From http://www.europa.com/~telscope/bintlhst.txt

Anton Maria Schyrle (c.1604-1660), originally from Rheita, Bohemia, lived as a priest in Bohemia, Belgium and Italy from 1597 to 1660.  He developed several inverting and erecting eyepieces, and is credited with bringing into use the terms 'ocular' and 'objective'.   Rheita published a very influential book on optics in 1645, his Oculus Enoch.

Biography in German: www.kultur.ausserfern.at/mus3d.htm

Dr. Ida Scudder *** Not in Gale

(1870-1960). Missionary, surgeon and founder of India's first nursing school for women.  In 1899, Ida Scudder was one of the first women graduates of the Cornell Medical College. Shortly thereafter, she returned to India and opened a one-bed clinic in Vellore in 1900. Two years later, in 1902, she built a 40-bed hospital, the forerunner of today's 1700-bed medical center. In 1909, she started the School of Nursing, and in 1918, her fondest dream came true with the opening of a medical school for women. (Men were admitted in 1947).

Glimpses, Issue #113: Ida Scudder: A Woman Who Changed Her Mind, http://www.gospelcom.net/chi/GLIMPSEF/Glimpses/glmps113.shtml

http://cmch-vellore.edu/htm/scudder.htm

Dr. Scudder's audio testimony (235 kb): http://cmch-vellore.edu/pages/ida2.mp3

Christian Medical College, Vellore, website: http://cmch-vellore.edu/index.asp

Biography in Doctors Who Followed Christ: Thirty-Two Biographies of Eminent Physicians and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves.  Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1999.  ISBN 0-8254-2734-7.

Dr. Marlan O. Scully
(Born 1939)  Physics educator.  Burgess Distinguished Professor, Director of the Institute for Quantum Studies, Texas A&M University. Recipient Elliott Cresson medal The Franklin Institute, 1990; John S. Guggenheim Fellow, 1970, Alfred P. Sloan Fellow, 1972.
Member, U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

From http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/a&salumni/people/m-scully.html:

After receiving his MS and Ph.D. in Physics from Yale University, he was a physicist with General Electric Company before beginning his teaching career at Yale. Subsequently, he was an Assistant and Associate Professor of physics at MIT, then a Professor of Physics and Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. In 1980, he joined the faculty of the University of New Mexico, where he was a Distinguished Professor of Physics and Astronomy. Now at Texas A&M University, Scully is considered a leading national authority on laser and quantum mechanics.

"Marlan O. Scully Honored With Reception Celebrating His Election To The National Academy Of Sciences," http://www.tamu.edu/univrel/aggiedaily/news/stories/01/052301-5.html

More credentials listed here: http://www.tamu.edu/univrel/aggiedaily/news/stories/archive/073096-4.html

Recommends Science and Christianity: Conflict or Coherence? by Henry F. Schaefer III.  The Apollos Trust, Watkinsville, GA, 2003. ISBN 0-9742-975-0X.

Gordon Stifler Seagrave

Gordon Stifler Seagrave (1897 - 1965), surgeon, writer, medical missionary, founded hospitals in Burma, practiced there for 40 years.

Angelo Secchi, S.J.  

(1818-1878). Italian astronomer. Joined Jesuit order (1833); Professor and director of observatory, Collegio Romano, Rome (1849 ff.). Made researches in solar and stellar spectroscopy, terrestrial magnetism, and meteorology; made first survey of the spectra of stars and suggested that stars be classified according to their spectral type; proved that prominences seen during solar eclipses are features of the Sun itself.

Angelo Secchi, S.J.  http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/jmac/sj/scientists/secchi.htm.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13669a.htm.

Adam Sedgwick

The English geologist Adam Sedgwick (1785-1873) was the founder of the Cambrian system, the first period of the Paleozoic geologic era.

http://www.nahste.ac.uk/isaar/GB_0237_NAHSTE_P0143.html

http://www.fofweb.com/Subscription/Science/Helicon.asp?SID=2&Rec_Title=All&iPin=ffdmarine1339&RecordType=Biography&natindex=&occindex=

Biography in Scientists of Faith: 48 Biographies of Historic Scientists and Their Christian Faith, by Dan Graves.  Kregel Resources, Grand Rapids, MI, 1996.  ISBN 0-8254-2724-X.

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

(1818-1865).  Hungarian obstetrician. Assistant in obstetric clinic in Vienna (1844-49); professor at Pest (1855-65). Along with American physician Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809-1894), Ignaz Semmelweis was one of the first two doctors worldwide to recognize the contagious nature of puerperal fever (also known as childbed fever) and promote steps to eliminate it, thereby dramatically reducing maternal deaths (1847-49); became pioneer of antisepsis in obstetrics. Published Die Atiologie, der Begriff und die Prophylaxis des Kindbetfiebers (1861).

http://www.whonamedit.com/doctor.cfm/354.html. Associated eponyms:  Semmelweis' method: Disinfection of the hands of the obstetrician or midwife with chloride or lime, as well as clean bedsheaths for the patient, in order to prevent puerperal fever; The Semmelweis' reflex: Mob behavior found among primates and larval hominids on undeveloped planets, in which a discovery of important scientific fact is punished rather than rewarded.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13712a.htm

L'Encyclopédie de L'Agora: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi622.htm

John H. Lienhard Engines of our Ingenuity.  No. 622: IGNAZ PHILIPP SEMMELWEIS.  Click here for audio of Episode 622.

http://agora.qc.ca/mot.nsf/Dossiers/Ignaz_Philipp_Semmelweis (in French)

Alexander Semyonov

(Born 1963).  Immunologist, researcher.  Positions Held: Laboratory physician, Moscow Research Institute Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 1995; Senior research worker, Consultant Laboratory Immunology, Moscow Research Institute Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 1991; Junior research worker, Moscow Research Institute Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, 1987-91; children's physician, Central District Hospital, Balashikha, USSR, 1986-87.  Baptist.
Contributor articles and abstracts to medical journals, including Immunology Letters, International Journal of Immunorehab., European Journal Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Testimony in Scientists Who Believe: 21 Tell Their Own Stories, edited by Eric C. Barrett and David Fisher. The Moody Bible Institute, Chicago, IL.  ISBN 0-8024-7634-1.

"I believe the created world bore witness to me of its Maker.  The beauty of nature, its multiformity and complexity, unceasingly proclaim the wisdom of its Creator."

Daniel Sennert *** Not in Gale

(1572-1637).  German physician, chemist, natural philosopher.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sennert.html

Sennert's first book was Institutiones medicinae, 1611, and later there were other medical works.

Epitome scientiae naturalis, 1618, and Hypomnemata physicae, 1636, both dealt with general issues in natural philosophy. He contributed to the revival of atomism.  Sennert was influenced by Paracelsus without being truly a Paracelsan; he wrote influentially on chemistry.

Sennert's collected works alone went through nine editions within the space of forty years, and individual works were also republished. Claude Bonnet, a professor at Avignon, produced an expurgated edition of his works suitable for use by Roman Catholics in 1655.

From 1602-47, Sennert was Professor of medicine, University of Wittenberg. He was Dean of the medical faculty six times during that period.  It is recorded that Sennert remained at his post in Wittenberg through seven plagues and died in the eighth.

http://www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de/philo/galerie/neuzeit/senner.htm (in German)

http://www.physikerboard.de/lexikon/index.php/Daniel_Sennert (in German)

Olivier de Serres *** Not in Gale

(1539-1619).  French botanist, entomologist.  Serres introduced sericulture to France. He also proposed a method manufacturing coarse cloth from the bark of the mulberry tree.  Catholic, then Calvinist.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/serres.html

Serres spent time at the end of the century in Paris presenting plans to Henry IV for expansion of sericulture and the diffusion of the mulberry tree. He is largely responsible for the mulberry craze and inspired the King to make extensive plantings in France. He is sometimes given the title of father of French agriculture.

Serres' Théatre d'agriculture (1600) was a very popular work appearing in several editions throughout the century. The work aimed to present a complete survey of all aspects of agriculture starting with advice on running a household. He discussed domestication and cultivation of all the plants and animals he knew. He was an enthusiastic advocate of the use of irrigation to improve meadows, of careful drainage, and of conservation of water. He was among the first agriculturist north of the Alps to argue for innovation and experimentation. He supported the sowing of artificial grasses. He introduced hops to France and was the first agricultural writer to desrcibe and encourage the cultivation of maize and potatoes. I have categorized this under botany; it is the only similar case I have met.

Serres acquired a national reputation as an authority on the silkworm and sericulture. Two sections of his book were published separately. La cuillette de la soye, which appeared as a preprint in 1599, gave the first detailed accounts of the life cycle of silkworms. La seconde richesse du meurier-blanc promoted a method of manufacturing course cloth from the bark of the mulberry trees.

As a young man he was converted to Protestantism. As early as 1561 he seems to have been regarded as a leader of the local Huguenots. He was a deacon of the church of Berg. He was sent by his congregation to find a minister. During the civil war the parish church vessels were entrusted to Serres for sale. In 1562 he was appointed by the 'Etats particuleurs' of Vivarais to a position under Count Crussol. He commanded forces from 1560-70 in local campaigns. He was driven from his family estate, Pradel, more than once during these years. He also participated in the conferences to arrange local peace.

http://perso.club-internet.fr/jgourdol/Ardeche/07celebr/07celTex/serresol.html (in French)

http://www.medarus.org/Ardeche/07celebr/07celTex/serresol.html (in French)

http://www.gastronomie-en-perigord.info/histoires/serres.htm (in French)

Benedict Sestini, S.J.

(1816-1890).

 Italian astronomer, Clergyman Roman Catholic, Mathematician. He received his earlier education at the Scuola Pia, near his native town, and so early evinced a mastery of mathematical computation that at the age of eighteen he was appointed assistant to Fr. Inghirami, then the director of the Osservatorio Ximeniano, at Florence. On Oct. 30, 1836, he entered the Society of Jesus at Rome. Three years later he began his philosophical and theological studies at the Roman College and here was privileged to have as professor Fr. Andrea Caraffa, one of the leading mathematicians of his time, who materially encouraged him in the prosecution of the researches of his choice. On the advice of Caraffa he was assigned as assistant astronomer of the Roman Observatory, then under the directorship of Fr. M. DeVico, whose name is identified with one of the periodic comets. During his incumbency at this observatory, which lasted till 1848, Sestini made a special study of star colors and his results were published under the titles Memoria Sopra i Colori delle Stelle del Catalogo di Baily Osservati (1845) and Memoria Seconda Intorno ai Colori delle Stelle . . . (1847). He was ordained to the priesthood in 1844. 

Following the outbreak of the Revolution in Rome in 1848, he emigrated to the United States and became connected with Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., where, at the observatory of the University, he resumed his researches. During the year 1850 he made studies of the sun's surface. Availing himself of a cloudless sky, persisting from Sept. 20 to Nov. 6 of that year, he was able to follow the sun spots, then very pronounced, noting the rate of travel over the surface and the changes in their appearances and, being a skilled draftsman, to commit them to paper. Engravings of the sketches were published in an appendix to Astronomical Observations Made During the Year 1847 at the National Observatory, Washington, vol. III (1853). These are rated as among the best studies of the sun's maculae antedating the application of photography to investigations of the skies. In addition to his researches in astronomy, Sestini taught mathematics and natural sciences to the Jesuit seminarians then resident at Georgetown College. In 1852 he published A Treatise of Analytical Geometry. This was followed by A Treatise on Algebra (1855, 1857). In 1856 there appeared his Elements of Geometry and Trigonometry and in 1871, Manual of Geometrical and Infinitesimal Analysis. He also wrote Theoretical Mechanics (1873), Principles of Cosmography (1878), and Animal Physics (1874), all of which were privately printed for the use of his scholars. In 1878 he organized an expedition to Denver, Colo., for the observation of the total eclipse of the sun, an account of which was published in the American Catholic Quarterly Review (October 1878).

Excerpted from Francis A. Tondorf.   "Benedict Sestini." Dictionary of American Biography Base Set. American Council of Learned Societies, 1928-1936.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13738a.htm

Christian Severin / Christian Soerensen / Longomontanus

(1562-1647). Danish astronomer. Assistant to Tycho Brahe (1588-97); systematized Brahe's program for the restoration of astronomy and published it as Astronomia Danica (1622). Professor (1607-47) at Copenhagen, where he initiated (1632) construction of its observatory.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/severin.html

http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/Christian%20Severin%20Longberg

LONGOMONTANUS (or LONGBERG), CHRISTIAN SEVERIN.  http://49.1911encyclopedia.org/L/LO/LONGOMONTANUS.htm

Marco Aurelio Severino *** Not in Gale

(1580-1656).  Italian surgeon, anatomist, physician, physiologist, natural philosopher, microscopist.  Catholic.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/severino.html

Severino became famous throughout Europe as a surgeon; he published extensively on surgery and pathology, making himself famous across Europe.  Zootomia democritaea has been called the first work of comparative anatomy, but it is also the exposition of Severino's view of natural philosophy.

Severino had distinct ideas on the reform of physiology and published (posthumously) two works on it: Antiperipatias and Phoca illustratus. After initial opposition to Harvey he became an enthusiastic supporter.

Antiperipatias shows Severino's critical attitude toward Aristotle and his inclination toward the philosophy of Democritus, mixed eclectically with the influence of Campanella and Telesio. His works frequently broached broad issues of natural philosophy.

He was one of the early life scientists to use the microcope--in the dissection of plants, preparing the way for Malpighi.

Severino was well known north of the alps, apparently better known there than in Italy. He corresponded with Harvey, Thomas Bartholin, Worm, Vesling, Campanella, et al.  A partial inventory of his correspondence is found in V. Ducceschi, "L'epistolario de M.A. Severino," Revista di storia delle scienze mediche e naturali, 14 (1923), 213-23.

http://fun.supereva.it/carmelo111/sev.htm?p (in Italian)

http://www.fondazionecarical.it/pagine/istruzione/severino.html (in Italian)

Petrus Severinus / Peder Sorensen *** Not in Gale

(1542-1602).  Danish iatrochemist, physician.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/severins.html

He was Denmark's leading adherent to Paracelsianism. Only two of his writings, which he tended not to finish, were published, Idea medicinae philosophicae (1571), the first major synthesis of Paracelsianism, and Epistola scripta Theophrasto Paracelso (1572), which reached a large audience.  He corresponded with a number of leading Paracelsians, such as Zwinger, Gohory, and Moffet.

Jeremy Shakerley *** Not in Gale

(1626-c. 1655).  English-born astronomer.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/shakerly.html

Author: Anatomy of "Urania Practica", 1649, a criticism of a publication by Wing; Synopsis compendiana, 1651; Tabulae britannicae, 1653.  He was the first mathematician to recognize the significance of the work of Horrocks, which he found in manuscript in the Towneley household.  In India he observed a transit of Mercury, 1651, the second transit of Mercury ever observed, and a comet in 1652. He also studied the astronomical knowledge of the Brahmins.  His correspondence with Lilly indicates that Shakerley, like most astronomers of his age, accepted astrology as well, though he became increasingly skeptical as the correspondence continued.

Robert Sharrock *** Not in Gale

(c. 1630-1684).  English botanist.  Calvinist, Anglican.

The Galileo Project, http://galileo.rice.edu/Catalog/NewFiles/sharrock.html

Author of History of the Propagation and Improvement of Vegetables, 1660. The book indicates an experimental approach to botany and shows extensive knowledge of the cultivation of plants.  Note the word "Improvement" in the title of the book, a word which the extended continuing title emphasized. The final edition of it, after Sharrock's death, bore the title An Improvement to the Art of Gardening. Arber calls it a practical handbook for husbandmen and gardiners.

Sharrock was not primarily a scientist. He wrote as well on religion, law, and political philosophy.

The Puritan authorities made him perpetual fellow of New College. He w