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What Would Chemosh Do?

Tweaking Skeptical Noses with Closed Minds, for Fun and Profit
James Patrick Holding


Looking for ways to occupy his reading audience's limited attention span, Skeptic X decided to blorp out some comments on something I laid out in the Land Promise debate, which had nothing to do with that issue. I said:

I have no opinion at this time as to whether any particular being or other describing itself as a "god" did or did not exist. Unlike our opponent, I remain "agnostic" on such issues without sufficient data and do not presumptuously assume that any person who has indicated belief in such beings are a sign of delusion.

Skeptic X deigns to call this an "evasion" but this sort of statement is only an evasion to someone whose thinking process is so uni-dimensional that they have no idea what was just said. It's also the sort of mind that thinks asking the same question in different forms is somehow an effective way of making a point. To weaker minds, of course, it is. Intelligent people find such repetition boring and, well, repetitive.

At any rate, Skeptic X wants the McGuffey Reader version of the above, apparently, so he posits some questions he wants me to answer. Let's rattle the old man's cage a bit, shall we?

1. Do you honestly believe that the Moabite god Chemosh may have existed?

Skeptic X repeats this question a couple more times using Marduk and Dagon, and our Pscyho-Intent-Detector, which Skeptic X uses to determine things like that my italicizing of words is a way of showing I am an expert in Hebrew, tells us he does this just because he wants readers to think he is an expert on Ancient Near Eastern deities. Ah, he just picked up a can of Pledge, that means he wants us to think he is an expert on industrial chemicals. Just please, X, don't pick your nose while we have the detector on.

At any rate. The answer to this question is stated clearly above for anyone with a mind thicker than packaging twine, but let's answer in a way that X can "get it". Ready?

Do I honestly believe Chemosh existed? If by that you mean, did the being whom the Moabites would describe and recognize as Chemosh exist -- a deity who demanded child sacrifice, sex rites, and maybe rock music -- the answer is NO.

If by that you mean, though, that a being existed whom the Moabites erroneously identified with their Chemosh -- as a deity who demanded child sacrifice, sex rites, and maybe rock music -- the answer is, as I say above to those willing to think, "possibly."

Now if Skeptic X were still a Church of Christ preacher, by now he'd probably be banging his head on the pulpit and writing me out a bus ticket to the land of Deviled Ham and Eggs. Chances are he's been banging his head on something else even so, based on his inability to discern that I wasn't asking him to pay for 90% of my website. But I think Skeptic X is still up to snuff enough to remember that the Judeo-Christian tradition teaches a belief in a hierarchy of angels and demons. This is where we get to a passage I cited in the Land Promise debate, for a different reason:

Deut. 32:8-9 When the Most High divided to the nations their inheritance, when he separated the sons of Adam, he set the bounds of the people according to the number of the children of Israel. For the LORD'S portion is his people; Jacob is the lot of his inheritance.

I noted that in some textual witnesses -- and a good case can be made that they are representing the original -- the "children of Israel" phrase says, "the sons of God." I.e., as I suspect even Skeptic X knows, angels. I've been having some interesting discussions on this passage of late, not with skeptics, but with Mormons, who use this variant for their own purposes to suggest a divine hierarchy. It does not go far enough in detail to fully support their doctrines, but it does teach something less complicated: certain angels were assigned certain lands to look over.

So then, as X removes the splinters from his forehead, he might reflect on the fact that I am proposing nothing new or strange here. Of course we know he dismisses angels and demons as easily as he dismisses God Himself, but he can hardly blather out that once God's existence is admitted, a hierarchy of beings is not out of the realm of possibility -- and is also quite clearly taught in the Bible, for whatever specifics are offered.

Now that said, some of X's next Stupid Skeptic Questions show he's got the wrong number:

4. Do you believe that the Old Testament accurately described the god Yahweh?
5. If so, how would the existence of Yahweh, as described in the Old Testament, allow for the possible existence of other gods like Chemosh?
6. If not, then is it your position that the Bible erred in saying that there is one God?

There's actually a humorous element here, because there's more yet that the old X preaching from the CoC pulpit would blow his undies off over, and that the new X preaching from the pages of his newsletter would prostitute for Biblical errancy if he could find a way to do it. Too late, though: That bale of hay has already been processed. X is probably unaware of the academic discussions going on in this quarter (and will respond at once that he was aware, but was being a good debater and holding it back for a future discussion, James Bond style), which question whether we have ever been right in using the word "monotheism" to describe ancient Jewish belief in the first place (a better word might be "monolatry"); whether indeed the hierarchy of beings -- angels, demons, hypostases, and so on -- do not actually present a more complex picture. The discussion of such issues as these is found in books with words too big for most of X's readership; stuff like Larry Hurtado's One God, One Lord: Early Christian Devotion and Ancient Jewish Monotheism, or Richard Bauckham's God Crucified, the sort of thing X calls "flapdoodle" because it's teaching stuff he never heard in Bam Bam Bible College where they taught classes like Screaming at the Top of Your Lungs from the Pulpit 101.

So anyway, as for questions 4-6, they are asking the wrong question. Yes, I think the OT was accurate in that description; that description does allow for the existence of a "Chemosh" (albeit not the Chemosh the Moabites may have recognized), and the one God. Let's not act as though "God" with an upper case G was a word used in Bible times. We'll leave that one in the air so that X can ask a few more Stupid Skeptic Questions and blow another few undershirts.

Before closing I'd like to relate this to another item Skeptic X once wrote, where he showed what I called his "usual narrowmindedness and apparent inability, despite 50+ years of skepticism, to cure himself of his ultra-fundamentalist mindset." Skeptic X recited a litany of Biblical miracles, then spun this complaint off the tip of his tongue:

In accepting the literal truth of stories like these, fundamentalist Christians accord the Bible a privileged status that they deny the literature of other nations contemporary to biblical times.

Oh! Fundamentalist Christians. Like who? Like maybe, a certain Church of Christ preacher we once knew? Who still hasn't figured out that he was on the fringe then just as he is now, just on the opposite end of the seesaw where he also ended up banging his behind on the hard ground because no one else would play with such a sore loser? Skeptic X thinks we fundies have an issue accepting miracles recorded by Josephus, for example, or by Vespasian, or Asclepius, if we want to take it to an extreme. Well, sorry, X, wrong number. Speaking of miracles recorded in Josephus specifically, X fumed, "Not even radical fundamentalists believe that these events actually happened, even though the works of Josephus contain some of the same miraculous claims that are in the Old Testament." Gee, really? So where do I, and R. C. Sproul, and Gary DeMar, and names beyond naming, fit on that range of radicals? I (and these others) have no problem believing that these events actually happened. We see them as fulfillments of the Olivet Discourse prophecies against Jerusalem (speaking of something else a CoC preacher would steam from the ears over, which is why we can hardly wait to see Skeptic X fumble his way through it). How many people did X actually ask about this before he ran his gator? As a "radical fundamentalist" himself many years ago, maybe he had these little problems with shaky legs and mental constipation, but mature believers, who don't apostasize because they got their feelings hurt and God didn't get them a toy for Christmas, don't.

Skeptic X goes on, "Fundamentalists, of course, believe that if Josephus recorded stories of miraculous deeds that have their parallels in the Bible, then they should be believed insofar as they agree with the biblical accounts, but if Josephus wrote about miraculous deeds that don't have parallels in the Bible, like those mentioned earlier, then they may be rejected." Maybe some "fundamentalists" do believe this, but I don't know of any personally. So far Skeptic X's hand is the only one in the air and the body odor is getting more obnoxious by the minute.

"Yeah," Skeptic X will shoot back, "but I'll bet you reject miracles reported by pagans!" Do I? Not out of hand, I don't. We are told: "The people of those times, in all nations, believed that miracles happened routinely." Routinely? What's that mean? Once a day? Once a week? Every Thursday at noon? X doesn't offer very many examples to establish this "routine", so let's look at what we can get.

"The Roman historian Suetonius, for example, recorded as a fact that while Roman magistrates publicly argued about where to take the body of Julius Caesar to be cremated, two 'divine forms' came down with torches and set fire to the bier on which Caesar's body was lying in state (The Twelve Caesars, Penguin, 1979, p. 52). He reported that Caesar's 'soul' was seen as a comet for seven consecutive days about an hour before sunset (Ibid., p. 53). He reported that some had seen the spirit of Augustus Caesar ascending to heaven in the crematory flames (Ibid., 111). Suetonius told of a woman named Claudia, who to prove 'her perfect chastity' prayed to refloat a boat grounded in a mud-bank on the Tiber river, 'and did so' (Ibid., p. 114)...Bible fundamentalists, therefore, would say that if the boat in this story did actually float free from the mudbank after Claudia's prayer, the pagan prayer had had nothing to do with it." We would? I have no idea, actually, whether the prayer did the job or not. I have no idea whether Julie C.'s body got a special escort and became a comet, or whether Augy did either. I am in these cases a miracle agnostic at worst; but I am willing to take the reports at their value. Is this a problem for me? Not at all, and we'll explain why in a moment. For now let's look at the last example:

The Old Testament often speaks of Yahweh's leading the Israelites to victory over their enemies, but the literature of surrounding nations tells of gods who led their people to victory too. The Moabite Stone, discovered in 1868 east of the Dead Sea, recorded the victories that the god Chemosh had led Mesha, a Moabite king mentioned in 2 Kings 3, to win over his enemies.

The concluding rap is, just as King Mesha gave credit to Chemosh for the big V, so the Bible gives credit to Yahweh. So, we are asked, why not believe in Chemosh? And by extension, why not believe in Augy or Julie? The undershirtless, former CoC preacher whistles: "The Israelites were separated from the Moabites by only the Dead Sea and in some places by just the Jordan River, so reasonable people, living in enlightened times, should have enough common sense to realize that if the Moabite god Chemosh wasn't real, then neither was the Hebrew god Yahweh, who was so much like Chemosh in temperament and character." If one god is false, they all are? What kind of logic is that? Sorry, but vaguely collapsing down the characters of Chemosh and Yahweh into one boat, waving the flag of "reasonable people, enlightened times" like Bultmann waved around his light switch with the begged question streaming behind, isn't an answer -- it's skeptical pep-talk that assumes smug arrogance is all the answer you need. If Skeptic X wasn't enlightened enough to read clearly that I wasn't demanding that he pay for 90% of my website, I don't see why we should think he is enlightened enough to discuss complex theological and social issues. And by the way, I use the same sort of logic to say that, that he uses to compare Chemosh to Yahweh. Take it or leave it.

So why not worship Chemosh, or give due to Julie C.? Why not also Zeus as well? Because, quite frankly, if these guys were for real (in the sense that the Moabites, et al suspected), we'd be hearing about it. Chemosh, Zeus, and the rest wouldn't have stood still and let us ignore them; they were not the types who gave a fig for free will, and Zeus especially tended to make himself conspicuous by having sex with virgins. Tell me that there has been a rash of swans sneaking up on modern Lidas, and maybe we can have a start at giving Zeus some attention again.

Chemosh has a much tougher row to hoe: By the ANE thinking we've been laying out in the Land Promise debate, a deity, his people, and the land are all tied together; unless political Moab rises from the dust (as Israel did, may we note!) there isn't much reason to think Chemosh was anything but a bounder, or else not what the Moabites thought he was. The main reason I don't care much about the alleged power of Chemosh, Zeus and Augy is that it's clear enough from their own present absence that they either don't care, or aren't what they were cut out to be, or maybe just never existed in the first place. On the other hand, Yahweh at least continues to be active in history and in the lives of men, whatever else skeptics may think the reason for that is.

Undershirtless uni-dimensionalists like Skeptic X, of course, put this off as an accident of history, but that is utterly beside the point. Why not Chemosh? Why no bumper stickers asking, 'What Would Chemosh Do?' [WWCD?], except now and then in jest? The prophets of Baal got their answer before Elijah. To paraphrase that story and mix it with Nietzsche, Chemosh is either dead, or on the toilet and very constipated. Perhaps Chemosh was of a power we would call angelic or demonic. Either way, only Skeptic X could make an issue out of this as he has, and whatever else Chemosh would do, we can be sure he wouldn't hire Skeptic X as a spokesman.

Oh yes. One last question Skeptic X poses: "7. Do you believe the Tooth Fairy may exist?" That's a polemical category presumption error for the gullible skeptics, of course, but we'll answer anyway: Well, why not believe in the Tooth Fairy? I'm debating his second cousin.


And once again, having escaped from his place of residence, Skeptic X has emerged from the trough and deigned to bore us with yet more of his exerted diatribes. Being that he is quite the bore, being unable to say efficiently in less than 5000 words what could have been said easily in 50; and, being that his effective readership may be read in the single digits; and being that the vast majority of his diatribe involves rehashes of issues already answered/discussed elsewhere, we'll extract the main points and ignore the irrelevant snooze material that readers generally thank me, after suffering through a direct read of X's material (which they have no problem finding, as usual, without links), for leaving out.

  • X pomps the idea that he supposes I don't get many letters from ex-atheists or Skeptics who have converted or changed their mind because of my material. What this might have to do with the truth of one's position, I cannot surmise; however, since the menidcant in X values such illogical statistics, I will inform him that he is in error. I will also inform him that an article such as the one above isn't mean to "shake" Skeptical doubts about the Bible. Who has said that it was? Is X so frustrated by his defeats that he has to invent a purpose for the article in order to create a failure for it?
  • It remains elusive to X that when it comes to the matter of the ancient relationship between land, people, and deity, whether the deity existed objectively is of no relevance to the point that if the people believed that deity existed, they would correspondingly accept that the relationship described existed. X still can't seem to work his way out of thinking that this is an "existence of God" question when it is not, and he wastes considerable time asking what cites of the likes of Deut. 32:8-9 "prove" when in context they are not being used by me to "prove" anything of the sort that gods, angels, etc. existed. One might suggest that X hoists himself upon this rambling petard because he can't provide answers to what is actually being argued.
  • X asserts that "anyone with even the sense of a day-old goose knows that not very many readers will bother to exit an article they are reading in order to search the internet for another one that the article has referred to." Anyone who knows how to use a browser to the level of a kindergartner knows that you do not need to "exit" anything to search for another article; you can either do it later, or -- hello, X? -- open another browser window.

    I'll let X's paramount techno-ignorance speak for itself.

  • X fantasizes: If [Holding] had lived in Athens, Greece, in the 5th century BC, he would no doubt have set Socrates straight and told him that his method of argumentation, which relied on asking opponents series of questions whose answers would lead them to see the inconsistencies or contradictions in their positions, was not "an effective way of making a point." Sorry, Charlie Chan, that's a wrong number. I consider that a very effective means of making a point, as it happens; and it was especially effective in a social world (like ancient Greece) that would have made effective use of it. As usual X entertains himself cramming his foot into his mouth after applying bandages to his toes that say PRESUMPTION. Too bad X wasted several paragraphs explaining how wonderful the Socratic method is. It pads his essay nicely, but isn't a thing I would have disagreed with.

    However, the rub is that X believes that his own series of Stupid Skeptic Questions were an example of this "Socratic method". That's like blowing up a rubber dinghy and claiming you have just christened a new vessel in the Carnival Cruise Line. No, X was not using the "Socratic method" -- he was using a boring debate tactic. The Socratic method, and the use of repetition, was and is most effective in an ORAL, personal setting because it enables the teacher to direct the student personally. In a written setting a series of questions that ask the same thing over and over is nothing but a rhetorical bore, designed to score cheap debate points, which is why X is so upset that I didn't answer every one of his questions individually. X compares his technique as well to advertising. Let the comparison to the sort of techniques used by used car salesmen speak for itself. Let it also speak for itself that X compares his tactics to an industry that thrives on luring the gullible into buying things that they don't need.

  • I wonder if X is able to see the logical fallacy in the author Godin comparing advertising to boxing.
  • X wants to know "where I have ever even implied that his italicizing of words is his way of showing that he is an expert in Hebrew. I have never said that." No, he didn't: It is a reductio ad absurdum of what he has indeed argued, and still does, which is that merely using such words in the text at all is some hint at personal expertise: ...constant references to what the Hebrew or Greek words were in whatever texts were being discussed was designed to leave with his readers that he did have an expertise in biblical languages, end quote. That's true perhaps of the paranoid with low self-esteem, but not anyone else. I, too, am simply "using a product" and if X's self-esteem is so low that he must read claims of expertise into such simple uses, he needs more help than even the world of psychology can offer him.
  • X wants as usual to raise a hackle about "how do you know X event recorded in the Bible happened." Whenever X lays out his own rules of historical epistemology, we'll answer the question. The old conspiracy-blather about "history is written by the winners" is just as well responded to by saying, "and it is complained about by the losers." In the meantime one wonders where X gets the idea that "this idea is repugnant to the Israelites" logically leads to, "they would never record anything about it."
  • We'll see if X ever wants to tangle with our material, or Glenn Miller's, on Jephthah.
  • More servings of toe jam, X? He supposes as a CoC preacher he'd ask me to defend my "unscriptural Baptist doctrines such as his belief in the perseverance of the saints or the impossibility of apostasy." X is apparently unaware of my series on that subject in which I express my disagreement with the P of TULIP, and makes a greater fool of himself offering to set up debates between myself and CoC preachers who also disagree with it. Have another sock with mustard, X.
  • X supposes that some material I posted on debate was "so farcical that even he apparently recognized it and removed the article from his website." No, I didn't. The item he quotes from is still here and always has been; X just has problems finding anything that doesn't call out his name to it.
  • X meanders that the Bible teaches "a hierarchy of gods." In so saying he falls (as he does in his own essay he refers to) into the very error that scholars like Winston and Hurtado have corrected: We have turned "god" into a proper name and thereby caused a a category confusion. What the Yahwist Hebrews had is not properly called monotheism or polytheism, but monolatry; and at best it could be called "polyelohimism" -- understanding that elohim does not have the same freight as god might to us. See more here.
  • X supposes that "henotheism" (belief in one god without denying the existence of others) is a better word for Biblical religion than "monolatry". However he defines "henotheism" as "a recognition of many gods but a belief that one of those gods was more powerful than the others." Where he gets this definition I cannot say; mine came from a dictionary. Part of this arises from the confusion of terminology we have noted above; part of X's confusion is that he attempts to make condemned behavior (as in the golden calf) into normative Jewish practice. X is confusing the ideal (my point) with the actual.
  • And now for those of you who wondered whether any of those works of NT scholarship I use are any good, here is X to provide his usual serving of hayseed on Larry Hurtado. To assure the best critical results, X ambled down to his "local Christian book store" and "thumbed" through it. His expert opinion: it's "just another attempt by a Bible believer to put a respectable spin on the many biblical references to those entities."

    Yes sir, with X around, there is no need to worry about scholarship. He'll do it all for you. I wonder if he'd like his material described as "just another attempt by a Bible doubter to put a disrespectable spin on the many biblical references to those entities." There's a good reason for X to have gotten tired of reading works like Hurtado's: heavy scholarship gives him a headache.

  • X supposes that from what he reads, I do not "actually believe in biblical inerrancy." If by this he means (as he clearly does) the hackneyed, Western, fundaliteralist version of inerrancy that passes around his circles and was invented in the 20th century, he is right, I don't, and I have clearly stated as much in several articles which X has apparently not been reading. He might try here for the latest example.
  • And finally from the unique category, X, clearly embarrassed by having his assumptions re what we say of Josephus, et al blown to kingdom come, babbles back wondering why I didn't "list the nonbiblical miracles" I claim to believe in. Why should I? Did someone ask for such a list? No one did. It's just X covering his embarrassment as usual.
  • We now move to a companion article of X's which is separated from the other for no obvious reason. In it X amusingly shows off his minimal attention span by attributing to ME an article on Mohammed which was actually authored by one of our guest writers, "Wildcat". We also continue to wonder how X reckons Biblical miracles to be so "routine" when, added up, they amount to less than a couple of hundred done over several thousand years. Perhaps he's just bored. But in case you are wondering, he thinks that I omitted a list of miracles he gave just to make you misunderstand. Yes, he thinks you are that dumb.
  • X thinks he has someone who denies pagan miracles on the basis of the Bible being true. That may or not be the case -- I really don't care, because I was not asking who else denies such things; I was asking where *I* denied such a thing, and then how X presumed this to be a universal of "fundamentalists". Once again X wastes his breath answering questions I didn't ask and arguments I didn't make. (As an aside, 1) X should be informed that his debate with "spl_cadet" was not "removed"; it, like several other archived debates on TheologyWeb, was temporarily unavailable while moderators there made technical adjustments to the archives. It is quite typical of the arrogance in X to make such asinine claims without information when there is spin-doctoring to be done; 2) the miracles of Josephus are not in the same category of the sort of "pagan" miracles spl_cadet discussed with X.)
  • I asked "Wildcat" to offer some comments on X's misplaced ramblings against his article. Here's what he has to say:

    This conclusion quoted [by X], apparently attributed to JPH (who, by the way, did not write the article) was a quote taken from the book "Answering Islam" by Norman Geisler and Abdul Saleeb...The premise in the article quoted by Skeptic X is that the Islamic miracle claims lack credibility due to a lack of objective evidence, not because they are not Biblically-based miracles. Much more was written besides what X quotes above to augment our argument. The reader is referred to the actual article (See here), particularly the section on Deut. 18:15 where this is located to see all that is written. To summarize briefly the argument, the Islamic miracle stories are to be rejected because 1) The earliest source (i.e. the Qur'an itself) presents Mohammad as one that did not have the power to perform miracles; 2) There is at least one incident of early non-Muslims (which were two Christian bishops) utilizing Mohammad's inability to perform miracles in a polemical dispute (which would have been an odd thing to do had Mohammad had the reputation of being a great miracle worker).

    Now, if we contrast this with what we find for the evidence of a miraculous ministry of Christ, we have good reason to afford Christ's miracle stories, based on objective evidence, a higher degree of credibility. We have 4 documents written within 2 generations of Christ's death (and a good argument can be made that at least 3 of them were written within one generation) that all agree that Jesus performed miracles. All four alleged sources in the "four source theory" utilized by scholars (namely Mark, the material peculiar to Matthew (M), the material peculiar to Luke (L), and even the hypothetical Q document) present Jesus as a serious miracle worker. Those hostile to Christianity within the first two centuries or so of the faith's existence accused Jesus of being a sorcerer or magician, but never denied that He performed miracles. The tradition that Jesus performed miracles is so strong that not even the Jesus Seminar deny that He performed exorcisms and healings (although, of course, such critical scholars would prefer a naturalistic explanation for these phenomena). So compelling is the data that John P. Meier states that the miraculous part of Christ's ministry is the most strongly attested aspect of His ministry. On the other hand, the miracles written between 100 and 400 years after Christ's death, found in apocryphal Gospels (compare the gap in time to when Mohammad's alleged miracles appear) are rejected as historical by virtually everybody, including the orthodox Christian church of the first few centuries. This is just a summary, of course, but Glenn Miller has a huge series elaborating on these as well as other important points on the matter (See here). In regards to the resurrection and early witnesses, the creed Paul preserves in I Corinthians 15 takes us back, as alluded to in the excerpt from the article that X quoted, to within 2-7 years of the crucifixion/resurrection itself.

    The article to which X appealed was focusing on the lack of credibility that Mohammad's miracle claims contained. My addition "like numerous other pagan miracle accounts attributed to various historical figures" was an oblique reference to problems, particularly regarding the lag in time between the timing of the alleged event(s) and the appearance of the miracle stories themselves, that exist regarding the veracity of SOME other miracle stories. This would not include ALL such cases, and I have no problems, and know that JPH does not have problems either, in believing that some of these other ancient miracle stories may well be based on authentic events. We accept Christ's miracles and reject Mohammad's because an objective look at the evidence portrays Christ as at least some kind of miracle worker yet betrays the later Muslim claims that Mohammad performed miracles. The same problems exist in regards to the veracity of the alleged miracles performed by some other alleged ancient miracle workers, but this claim should not be taken to mean that we reject wholesale all non-Biblical miracle claims. It is a mistake to assume that by "numerous" we are, in fact, saying "all." It was also clearly a mistake for X to assume, or at least imply, that our conclusions were based on the fact that Mohammad's miracles (and "numerous" other pagan miracles) are not found in the Bible."

    X should read material more carefully before he mouths off, but if he can't even get the author of the article or quote right, one wonders what else he can't get right.

  • Wildcat also has a few comments on X's rather uneducated commentary on the alleged "miracle" of the moon splitting in the Quran. Afetr our preterism debate, you'd think he'd learn by now not to always read such things with fundaliteralism:

    ...the reference in itself is vague, and the Qur'an doesn't even say what it means when it says that "Behold, the moon is cleft asunder" or that Mohammad was even responsible for it. Commentators are divided on it. Sam Shamoun has some comments on that here. Examples:

    Naik might object here and claim that the Quran does in fact mention a miracle that is also recorded in the hadith, namely S. 54:1 on the splitting of the moon:

    "The Hour (of Judgment) Is nigh, and the moon Is cleft asunder."

    Unfortunately for Naik, not all agree that this in fact does refer to an alleged splitting of the moon. Abdullah Yusuf Ali notes:

    "... Three explanations are given in the Mufradat, and perhaps all three apply here: (1) that the moon once appeared cleft asunder in the valley of Mecca within sight of the Prophet, his Companions, and some Unbelievers; (2) that the prophetic past tense indicates the future, the cleaving asunder of the moon being a Sign of the Judgment approaching; and (3) that the phrase is metaphorical, meaning that the matter has become clear as the moon. That the first part was noticed by contemporaries, including Unbelievers, is clear from verse 2. The second is an incident of the disruption of the solar system at the New Creation: Cf. lxxv. 8-9. And the third might well be implied as in eastern allegory, based on the other two." (Ali, The Holy Qur'an-Translation and Commentary, p. 1454, n. 5128)"

    Shamoun also offers:

    Muhammad Asad claims:

    "... Most of the commentators see in this verse a reference to a phenomenon said to have been witnessed by several of the Prophet's contemporaries. As described in number of reports going back to some Companions, the moon appeared one night as if split into two distinct parts. While there is no reason to doubt the subjective veracity of these reports, it is possible that what actually happened was an unusual kind of partial lunar eclipse, which produced an equally unusual optical illusion. But whatever the nature of the phenomenon, it is practically certain that the above Qur'an-verse does not refer to it but, rather, to a future event: namely, to what will happen when the Last Hour approaches. (The Qur'an frequently employs the past tense to denote the future, and particularly so in passages which speak of the coming of the Last Hour and of Resurrection Day; this use of the past tense is meant to stress the certainty of the happening to which the verb relates.) Thus, Raghib regards it as fully justifiable to interpret the phrase inshaqqa 'l-qamar ('the moon is split asunder') as bearing cataclysm- the end of the world as we know it- that will occur before the coming of Resurrection Day (see art. shaqq in the Mufradat). As mentioned by Zamakhshari, this interpretation has the support of some of the earlier commentators; and it is, to my mind, particularly convincing in view of the juxtaposition, in the above Qur'an-verse, of the moon's 'splitting asunder' and the approach of the Last Hour. (In this connection we must bear in mind the fact that none of the Qur'anic allusions to the 'nearness' of the Last Hour and the Day of Resurrection is based on the human concept of 'time'.)" (Asad, p. 818, n. 1 bold emphasis ours)

    In fact, Muslim Apologist Akbarally Meherally has a whole article documenting that S. 54:1 is referring to a future event. Here are some highlights from that article:

    Here is a passage from 'The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam' by Cyril Glasse on the above subject: There are no contemporary accounts of such an event. It is far more likely that the Koran is speaking allegorically of a sign of the Last Day, rather than of a miracle. (page 274).

    X refers to Ibn Kathir's commentary where it is cited that the "splitting of the moon" is found in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim, the two most highly esteemed collections of Hadith in Islam. However, the problem is that these Hadith (which are alleged sayings of Muhammad passed along through a chain of oral transmission (i.e. isnad)) were not actually recorded until 200 years plus following Muhammad's death. Thus, the problem of this miracle account collapses into what we argued earlier; that it appears too long after Muhammad's death, since the Qur'anic verse upon which it was built is too obscure to make a definite interpretation one way or the next. In addition, it should be kept in mind that if Muhammad really did split the moon, it seems odd that his detractors would constantly question his authority because of his inability to perform miracles! (Note: Some of these challenges came after the alleged moon-splitting incident)

    ...The "moon-splitting" is rejected because the Qur'anic verse is too ambiguous in itself, and the writings that claim the literal splitting interpretation come much, much later, at a time when many and various other alleged miracles that Muhammad performed were appearing on the scene. In all of the resurrection accounts, OTOH, we are told of an empty tomb, and in all except Mark, we are told of various appearances of Jesus to His disciples. While there are variations in the accounts, there clearly is no ambiguity regarding whether or not the text is really saying that the tomb was empty or that Jesus appeared to His disciples.

    X appealed to a Muslim apologist, Ali, who claimed that the "best authorities" believe that this was reported as a literal miracle. Wildcat responds:

    It doesn't surprise us that Ali's idea of "best authorities" would be those that agree with his own interpretation of the event, but as has been noted, speculation has to be added to the Qur'an in order to claim that an actual miracle is being reported, or that if it was a miracle, Muhammad was responsible for it, and such speculation is contradictory to the fact that the Qur'an strongly implies (and that is putting it generously) that Muhammad was not a miracle-worker. For info. on this, please see the Deut. 18:15 section of the article, "Prophetic Witness: Mo or no Mo," linked to earlier in this article in the other relevant section as well as Sam Shamoun's article alluded and linked to earlier in this section.

    ...it is worth noting that X seems to be extending Ali a benefit of the doubt that he probably would not extend to most of Evangelical scholarship. Perhaps it is not X's intent, but his wording seems to suggest that he accepts Ali's claim that the "rending of the moon" was reported in Muhammad's lifetime. Most of what we know regarding the writing, collation, and standardization of the Qur'an, however, comes from the Sirat and Islamic Traditions (the same ones that give this verse the particular miraculous spin under discussion) that were recorded 100-200 years plus after the fact. However, the synoptic Gospels were composed no later than within 40-65 years of the events in question, and John probably no later than within 70 years of the events in question. Why such skepticism of the comparatively earlier Gospel materials and acceptance of Islamic claims based on material written well over a century after the fact? Muslims such as Ali, of course, would argue that Muhammad's revelations were preserved until Uthman's standardization of the Qur'an in 651 A.D. (approximately 20 years following Muhammad's death), and since the Qur'an came directly to Muhammad during his lifetime, we can be confident that Surah 54 did as well. On the other hand, Christians would argue that the events that were eventually recorded in the Gospels were preserved from the time of their occurrence through oral tradition. Additionally, there is internal evidence contained in Luke, Acts, and John that the material was written either by eyewitnesses or based on testimony obtained from eyewitnesses. We could throw Mark into that mix as well since church tradition records that his material is based on Peter's testimony. Questions of authorship aside, much of the material in Matthew's Gospel as well as Peter's (eyewitness) testimony of the transfiguration in II Peter1:16-18 could also be added to the list. The earliness of the I Corinthians 15 creed and the sermons in the first few chapters of Acts also strongly argues in favor of material/beliefs that can be traced back to claims made by "contemporaneous eyewitnesses" of Christ's miracles, divine claims, resurrection, etc. It seems safe to say that X would not be nearly as enthusiastic about the Gospel evidence regarding eyewitnesses, so we wonder at why we find all of the apparent optimism regarding the even later Islamic information regarding the Qur'an's compilation. Again, as has been demonstrated, the Qur'anic verse in question is, in itself, insufficient to prove a claim of a miracle, but even if that were the case, it is peculiar that X seems to concur with Ali based on a foundation much shakier than that provided for us by evangelical scholarship regarding Christianity and eyewitness truth claims."

    Before I bid adieu and turn things back over to JPH, while we are on the subject of "controversial miracle texts," it should be added that there is also one other vague reference in the Qur'an that some Muslims attempt to interpret as a miracle, and that is Muhammad's alleged ascension into heaven. Found at the beginning of Surah 17:

    "Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things)." (Surah 17:1, Ali)

    While the later Islamic writings expound on Muhammad's alleged journey, we are not given much detail here in the original report. Was it a spiritual journey or was Muhammad's body literally swept away to the "farthest Mosque"? There is also no mention of any eyewitnesses. Geisler and Saleeb also note:

    "There is no reason to take this passage as referring to a literal trip to heaven; even many Muslim scholars do not take it so. The noted translator of the Qur'an, Abdullah Yusuf Ali, comments on this passage, noting that 'it opens with the mystic Vision of the Ascension of the Holy Prophet; he is transported from the Sacred Mosque (of Mecca) to the Farthest Mosque (of Jerusalem) in a night and shown some of the Signs of God.' Even according to one of the earliest Islamic traditions, Muhammad's wife, A'isha, reported that 'the apostle's body remained where it was but God removed his spirit by night.'" [Geisler, Saleeb. "Answering Islam: The Crescent in Light of the Cross" pg. 164; Note: The tradition quoted is from the Sirat of Ibn Ishaq, pg. 183]

    We won't go into any additional detail on this here since it wasn't part of X's response, but it should also be noted also that there is considerable evidence that this verse was an addition to the Qur'anic text well after Muhammad's death. The reader is encouraged to check out this page for more information regarding that.

    .

    X needs to look into these things before mouthing off just because some low-level fundaliteralist Muslim gave him a sucker punch.

  • Of course if X wants to debate Gospel dates and authorship, he knows where to go. We're decades ahead of him and he'll have to do a lot better than one or two authors as he is used to when doing "research".

  • If X cannot figure out what my position on Josephus' miracles is, based on what I wrote in my article, then not even the basest remedial reading class will help him.
  • In terms of X's "egg" challenge (i.e., his challenge to drop 1000 eggs and see if any supernatural intervention occurs), if he has indeed 1000 eggs to scrape from his face after such things as attributing an article to me that was not by me, and not being able to read that he wasn't being asked to pay for 90% of my website, I still wonder why he thinks any deity should kiss his dissatisfied rear end with a magic show, especially for such a phenomenal waste of good food. And we're still waiting for an explanation of how Bible miracles were "routine". He'll try it further on by pointing to an alleged "six" miracles reported by Mesha from Chemosh, though that in itself would give Chemosh at best 6 miracles in a span of a few years and no record of any before or after, which still works out to a pitiable 1 miracle for every thousand years of recorded human history, and those displayed to a measly .000001% of all humans ever alive. I'm still wondering how this is "routine" by any definition.

    Was Yahweh musing when this happened? Yes, most likely. His people had no excuse for trying to overtake Moab at this time.

  • If X wants to debate the existence of Yahweh, I'll be glad to give him a bibliography of theistic philosophers like Plantinga whose works he can thumb through and declare dead upon his expertise as a hayseed.
  • And time to chalk another reading error up for X: He reads my line, Why not worship Chemosh, or give due to Julie C.? Why not also Zeus as well? Because, quite frankly, if these guys were for real, we'd be hearing about it. as suggesting that Julie C. didn't exist. Apparently X can't grasp that "for real" does not mean, "existed." But that is not X's only embarrassing error for this paragraph; he then goes on to read my argument in reverse. Let's get this straight:

    1) My argument is that the lack of response by these deities/persons is an indication against their continued existence or effectiveness.

    2) This is NOT equal to an argument that the deities of faiths still present and surviving are thereby automatically proven real.

    X wastes paragraphs upon paragraphs assuming that I argue 2), and thus again wastes my time, his, and everyone else's arguing with a strawman.

    Furthermore, X fails to comprehend that the specific personal characteristics of deities like Zeus and Chemosh make their lack of modern presence a necessary characteristic of arguing for their reality (or continued power), and once again, I do NOT argue for the reverse of this, that deities whose character is one of lack of interference, are thereby given proof of existence -- and it is also not, as X thinks, a matter of any of these acts being "right of wrong".

    It is typical of X to divert and distract to arguments not made when he has no answer to the one actually being presented.

  • It is funny that X says he cannot identify the 1998 article about Zeus, since it appeared in his own printed newsletter. Next week: Advice to X on finding his own rear end.
  • No less amusing than usual is X's wave-away as "unimpressive" my article on Dionysus, which was in fact reviewed and approved of by a scholar of classics at one of the two leading British universities. It certainly will be hard deciding between the two who to believe, won't it?
  • X wonders what I make of a case of alleged plagiarism from Harry Potter. He can find my take on that sort of thing here. However, he apparently missed that the author of the "plagiarizing" series, Demetri Yemetz, admits to the similarities, because he is engaging in parody of the Potter series.
  • But no, I do not think Israel's revival in 1948 is a "fulfillment" of any Biblical prophecy. Nor was it required for my point.
  • X rather idiotically asks, "what message would have been attached to the miracle of the two 'divine forms' coming down to light Julius Caesar's funeral bier?", etc. Apparently he remains ignorant of such signs appealed to as proofs of the apotheosis of the divine emperors.

    And that's all that's new or worth a comment.


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